Milling Machine And Process

BME – 2077
Group 5
S.N. Presenters Roll No.
1. Balkrishna Poudel PUL077BME005
2. Bishnu Dev Mandal PUL077BME013
3. Nabin Chaudhary PUL077BME021
4. Ram Bajracharya PUL077BME029
5. Saroj Basnet PUL077BME037
6. Tulsi Shrestha PUL077BME045
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 Milling Machine
• Milling machine is a machining tool
where a material is cut by means of
multi-tooth rotating cutter for getting
desired surface finish. Work piece is
fed in this rotating cutter.
• Speed of cutting tool and the rate at
which work piece travels depends
upon the kind of material it is.
• It is also useful for making Complex
and irregular areas, Revolution
surface, Gear cutting, Machining
external and internal threads.

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Principle of milling machine:
The work piece is holding on the worktable of the machine. The table movement
controls the feed of work piece against the rotating cutter. The cutter is mounted on a
spindle or arbor and revolves at high speed. Except for rotation the cutter has no
other motion. As the work piece advances, the cutter teeth remove the metal from the
surface of work piece and the desired shape is produced.

Fig: surfaces created by milling machine

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PARTS OF MILLING
MACHINE 
• BASE
• COLUMN
• KNEE
• OVERARM
• ARBOR
• ARBOR SUPPORT 
• SPINDLE
• GUIDEWAY 
• SADDLE
• TABLE
• MACHINE VICE                       4
 Parts of Milling machine:
• Base: It is a foundation member for all the other
parts, which rest upon it. It carries the column at
its one end.  It should have high compressive
strength so it is made up of gray cast iron.
• Column: It is a mounted vertically on the base. It
supports the knee, table, etc. It works as housing
for all the other driving members. It is a hollow
member consisting of a driving gear and
sometimes a motor for the axle and table. The
column has an oil repository and pump to
lubricate the axles.
• Knee: The knee is a rigid grey iron casting which
slides up and down on the vertical ways of the
column face to change distance between cutter and
work piece . An elevating screw mounted on the
base is used to adjust the height of the knee and it
also supports the knee. 5
• Over arm: It is mounted on the top of the
column, which extends beyond the column face
and serves as a bearing support for the other
end of the arbor. 
• Arbor: It is a mechanical part which is used
as extension part of the spindle in
horizontal milling machine. It transmits the
rotary motion and torque of the spindle to
cutter.
• Arbor  support: The arbor support is casting
with a bearing that supports the outer end of the
arbor. It prevents springing of the outer end of
the arbor in a cutting operation.
• Spindle: It is situated in the upper part of the
column and receives power from the motor
through belts, gears and clutches and transmit
it to the arbor. 6
• Guide ways: Vertical parallel guide ways
are provided on front face of the column in which
knee slides up and down.

• Saddle: The saddle is placed on the top of the knee

and it slides on guide ways set exactly at 90° to the
column face. The top of the saddle provides guide-
ways for the table.

• Table: It is the part of machine which holds the

work piece while machining.  There are several T-
slots to hold the work and hold the equipment. It
can be performed by hand or by power.

• Machine vice: It is used to tight or loose work 7

Types of milling machine:
1. Column
This is the most common milling machine, which has 5 basic
components, They are the work table, saddle, head, knee, and over
arm. Considered as the simplest machine type, its cutting device is
vertically or horizontally suspended to allow drilling of metals. This is
used when creating car parts, machining flat surfaces, producing
milling cutter, twisting drill.
a. Horizontal or Plain Milling machine : This have a horizontal
spindle. The table from which the object to be worked on is placed
moves sideways while the cutting device goes up and down.
b. Vertical Milling machine: This have vertical or perpendicular
spindle to table.
c. Universal Milling machine: The table can turn at any angle for up
to 45 degree (it has four movements.)

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2. Fixed Bed type
The worktable is located on the bed itself, instead of being paced
on top, its usual position. The knee part of the machine is omitted
to allow movement in a longitudinal direction.
a. Simplex Milling machine: It has single adjustable,
horizontal spindle head.
b. Duplex Milling machine: It has adjustable horizontal
spindles heads attached to two sides (separate vertical
columns) of fixed type.
c. Triplex Milling machine: It has two adjustable horizontal
spindle head attached to two separate vertical columns and
additional vertical spindle mounted on cross- rail

3. Planer-style
This machine type is basically the same as the bed mill. However,
the planner-style includes cutters and heads that allow for a wider
range of milling actions. 9
4. Special type Milling machine
These are unusual milling machines and perform special tasks.
a. Rotary Table Milling Machine: It consists of a circular table that
rotates in a vertical axis. The machine works with one cutter roughing up
the work piece and remaining finishing the surface.
b. Tracer Controlled Milling Machine: It has the ability to reproduce
parts based on a master model. Most of the industrial sectors, especially
the automotive industry, choose this type of machine because it make
production and specialization of machine parts easier.
c. CNC Milling Machine: The spindle can travel in all three directions,
and the table rotates 360 degree. The movements are controlled
hydraulically on commands through computer.
d. Drum Milling Machine: It is just like a rotary table. The only
difference is that this machine has a table that supports the work piece
and is called drum, which can only rotate horizontally.
With the vast classifications of milling machines, you need to choose the
one you need according to how you intend to use it. 10
 Milling cutters:
1. Plain milling cutter: they are cylindrical in shape
and cutting teeth are on periphery only. They are
used for the production of flat surfaces parallel to
the rotation of the spindle. The cutter teeth may be
straight or helical according to the size of cutter.

2. Side milling cutter: They have teeth on its

periphery and also one or both of its sides. They
are employed for removing metals from side of the
work piece. The cutter teeth may be plain or
alternate teeth with helix angle.

3. Form milling cutter: This cutter has irregular

profiles on the cutting edges. They are used to
make concave and convex semicircular surfaces or
making gears.
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4. End milling cutter: They have cutting teeth on the end
as well as on the circumference of the cutter. The teeth
on the circumference may be straight or helix(left or
right hand).They are used for light milling operations
such as cutting slots, machining accurate holes, profile
milling, narrow flat surfaces ,etc

5. Angle milling cutter: They are designed to mill work

piece at an angle to the axis of rotation. They have teeth
on single conical or angular side or maybe v-shaped
teeth with both conical surfaces at an angle to their end
face.

6. T-slot milling cutter: This is the special form of end

mill for producing T-slots. Teeth are provided on the
periphery as well as on the both side of the cutter.

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 Milling Operations:
1. Plain milling: Plain milling, also known as
slab milling or surface milling, the process of milling flat
surface with the axis of cutting tool parallel to the surface
being machined.
2. Up milling: The milling cutter rotates in a direction
opposite to the feed direction of work piece. The material
is removed by resultant force.

3. Down milling: The direction of milling cutter rotates in

same direction as the work piece is fed. The resultant
force presses the work piece against the base.

4. Side milling: The side milling is the production of a flat

vertical surface on the side of a work piece by using
a side-milling cutter. The depth of cut is adjusted by
rotating the vertical feed screw of the table. 13
5. Keyway milling: Keyway milling is the cutting of
a keyway along the axis of the cylindrical surface
of shafts or other items.

6. Gang milling: It is the operation of machining several surfaces

of a work piece simultaneously by feeding the table against a
number of milling cutters. This method save much machining tool.

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7. Form milling: It is the operation of producing
irregular contour (mark) by using form
cutters. Example: Convex milling.

8. End milling: It is an operation of producing

narrow slots, grooves, ways and vertical flat
surfaces on the work piece.

9. Angular milling: It produces angular

surfaces. This angular groove maybe single or
double angle.
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 Thank You!
For listening and watching.

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