CCNA 1 Module 6

Addressing the Network

 Objectives
Explain the structure IP addressing and demonstrate the ability to
convert between 8-bit binary and decimal numbers.

Given an IPv4 address, classify by type and describe how it is used

in the network

Explain how addresses are assigned to networks by ISPs and within

networks by administrators

Determine the network portion of the host address and explain the
role of the subnet mask in dividing networks.

Given IPv4 addressing information and design criteria, calculate the

appropriate addressing components.

Use common testing utilities to verify and test network connectivity

and operational status of the IP protocol stack on a host.

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 IP Addressing Structure
Describe the dotted decimal structure of a binary IP
address and label its parts

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 IP Addressing Structure
Describe the general role of 8-bit binary in network
addressing and convert 8-bit binary to decimal

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 IP Addressing Structure
Practice converting 8-bit binary to decimal

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 IP Addressing Structure
Convert decimal to 8-bit binary

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 IP Addressing Structure
Practice converting decimal to 8-bit binary

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 IP Address Structure
32 bits

Network & Host

Host

Network
Network Address 192.168.1.0 subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Host Address 192.168.1.6
Broadcast Address 192.168.1.255

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 Classfull Addressing

network id
0 host id (24 bits)
7 bits
class A address: large networks - 0 - 126. n. n. n 127 is special….

1 0 network id 14 bits host id (16 bits)

class B address: medium networks - 128 - 191. n. n. n

1 1 0
host id
network id 21 bits (8 bits)

class C address: small networks - 192 - 223. n. n. n

class D and E not in common use make up the remainder of the address structure
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IPv4 Address Allocation

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 Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses
Identify the address ranges reserved for these special
purposes in the IPv4 protocol

Class A,B,C

Class D

Class E

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Private IP Addresses

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Using Private Addresses in the
WAN

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 IP Addressing
An IP Address is a 32 bit address represented in Decimal notation for ease of reading
– eg. 192.168.10.143

Has 2 parts
– Network portion
– Host Portion

Has a Subnet Mask

– 255.0.0.0
– 255.255.0.0
– 255.255.255.0

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Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses
Name the three types of communication in the Network
Layer and describe the characteristics of each type

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 Assigning Addresses
End user devices can obtain addresses either statically
through an administrator or dynamically through DHCP

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 Assigning Addresses
Identify several changes made to the IP protocol in IPv6
and describe the motivation for migrating from IPv4 to
IPv6.

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Determine the network portion of the host
address and the role of the subnet mask
Describe how the subnet mask is used to create and
specify the network and host portions of an IP address

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 Logic Gates

AND
– The AND operation takes two input values.
– If both are 1, the logic gate generates a 1 output.
– Otherwise it outputs a 0.

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 Subnet Masks
Subnet Mask is used to identify the network portion if the
address
– Converting the IP address 10.34.23.134 to binary would result in:

00001010.00100010.00010111.10000110

– Performing a Boolean AND of the IP address 10.34.23.134 and

the subnet mask 255.0.0.0 produces the network address of  this
host:

– 00001010.00100010.00010111.10000110
11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000

– Network Address = 10.0.0.0

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 Subnet Masks

Performing a Boolean AND of the IP address 10.34.23.134

and the subnet mask 255.255.0.0 produces the network
address of this host:
– Answer
00001010.00100010.00010111.10000110
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
00001010.00100010.00000000.00000000

– Network Address = 10.34.0.0

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 Testing the Network Layer
Describe the general purpose of the ping command,
trace the steps of its operation in a network, and use the
ping command to determine if the IP protocol is
operational on a local host

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 Testing the Network Layer
Use ping to verify that a local host can communicate with
a gateway across a local area network

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 Testing the Network Layer
Use tracert/traceroute to observe the path between two
devices as they communicate and trace the steps of
tracert/traceroute's operation

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 Testing the Network Layer
Describe the role of ICMP in the TCP/IP suite and its
impact on the IP protocol

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 Subnetting Example
Given the Class C address 193.168.140.0: find bits required for
subnet id, find subnet mask = 255.255.255.?
Allowing for 4 subnets each with at least 60 hosts.
?
? What is the subnet mask?
193.168.140.0
?
Router
?

1 1 0
host id
network id 21+3 =24 bits (8 bits)

Subnet Host

Note: network subnets can under the right circumstances use all subnets
In this example assume that it is modern hardware that can handle
subnet zero and subnet all 1’s.
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