Types of Aneurysms

Aortic Dissecting Aneurysm

Submitted by : Farzaneh Yeganeh and Noor Wahib

Submitted to : Dr. Jihad al Masri

Outline:
• What is an Aneurysm
• Types of Aneurysms
• Aortic dissection aneurysm
• Classifications
• Complications
• Etiology and Clinical Manifestation
• Nursing Intervention
• References
What is aneurysm ?
• An aneurysm is the enlargement of an artery caused
by weakness in the arterial wall. Often there are no
symptoms, but a ruptured aneurysm can lead to
fatal complications.
• The causes of aneurysms are sometimes unknown.
Some people are born with them. They can also be
hereditary. Aortic disease or an injury may also
cause an aneurysm.
• A family history of aneurysm may increase your risk
for developing an aneurysm. Other risk factors
include high blood pressure, high cholesterol and
tobacco use.
 Types of Aneurysms :
• There are three types of aneurysms: abdominal aortic,
thoracic aortic, and cerebral.

• Abdominal aortic aneurysms sometimes known as

“Triple A,” are the most common aneurysms of the aorta the
large blood vessel that carries blood away from your heart
and through your body.
Given the aorta’s reach and size (it’s almost an inch wide in
places), substantial internal bleeding occurs when blood
pressure increases against the aorta’s walls, causing it to
rupture. Sometimes mistaken for a heart attack, an
abdominal aortic rupture can be characterized by chest and
jaw pain, stabbing abdominal or back pain, fainting,
difficulty breathing, and weakness on one side of the body
Types of Aneurysms :
• Thoracic aortic aneurysms: develop in the
portion of the aorta that passes through the chest.
Also, like abdominal aortic aneurysms, thoracic
aortic aneurysms are largely asymptomatic – so
you’re unlikely to know that it’s lurking. However,
some symptoms to look out for are back pain,
hoarseness, shortness of breath, or tenderness or
pain in the chest prior to a thoracic aneurysm’s
rupture
Types of Aneurysms :
• Cerebral aneurysms: are weakened, bulging
vessels above the aorta, in the brain. These are most
common in people from ages 30 to 60. While
cerebral aneurysms can be tiny and not cause any
problems, larger ones can rupture causing bleeding
in the brain and potentially becoming fatal
Aortic Dissecting Aneurysm
• Aortic dissection is the tearing in the innermost
layer of the aorta allowing blood to enter
between the intima and the media creating a
false lumen.
Classifications

Type A Type B

Surgical Uncomplicate
Complicated
Management d

Open Heart TEVAR

Medical
Surgery Therapy
Complications

• Rupture
• Major or minor strokes
• Leg paralysis
• Renal failure
Etiology and Clinical Manifestation
• Chronic Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis
• Age and sex

• Chest pain
• Pain in Back, Abdomen, and legs
• Shortness of breath
Nursing intervention

• Monitoring Arterial BP.

• Monitoring Urine output.
• Check for changes in heart sound and symptoms
of heart failure.
References
• Booher, A. M., Isselbacher, E. M., Nienaber, C. A., Trimarchi, S.,
Evangelista, A., Montgomery, D. G., ... & IRAD Investigators.
(2013). The IRAD classification system for characterizing survival
after aortic dissection. The American journal of medicine, 126(8),
730-e19.

• Hagan, P. G., Nienaber, C. A., Isselbacher, E. M., Bruckman, D.,

Karavite, D. J., Russman, P. L., ... & Eagle, K. A. (2000). The
International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD): new
insights into an old disease. Jama, 283(7), 897-903.

• Robicsek, F., & Thubrikar, M. J. (1994). Hemodynamic

considerations regarding the mechanism and prevention of aortic
dissection. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 58(4), 1247-1253.