Dr D Y Patil Educational Enterprises Charitable Trust’s

DR D Y PATIL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING.

Dr D Y Patil Technical Campus
Dr D Y Patil Knowledge City, Charholi (Bk), Lohgaon, Pune – 412105

Project name : Design of Sewage treatment Plant

Groupe Members:
1 Swapnil Kapare
2 Aditi Davang
3 Nikita Patil
Guide by : Prof. Swapnil Bijwe 4 Pruthviraj Jadhav

Department of Civil Engineering

Academic Year: 2020-21
DR D Y PATIL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
 FINAL PRESENTATION
PROJECT PHASE II
O R AL

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 ABSTRACT
 A study was conducted for the treatment and management of sewage generated in Wagholi and a sewage treatment plant
was designed. The total sewage generated in one day was estimated 31.85ML considering the projected population for
the next 30 years. The various components of primary sewage treatment plant viz. screening chamber, grit chamber,
skimming tank, sedimentation tank, active sludge tank and sludge drying bed were designed considering the various
standards and permissible limits of treated sewage water. It was concluded from the study that in next 30 years the
predicted population will be 31854816and estimated sewage will be 31.85 MLD.
 It was recommended that the treated water will be supplied for irrigating the crops on Farm. The use of treated water
will reduce the ground water use and additionally the treated sludge will be very useful for increasing the fertility of soil.

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 Review of Literature
 Azad, A.S. (1995) . “ Design of primary sewage treatment plant”. Madras Agricultural Journal 1994, 81:5, pp 272 – 273; 
 Besnarek, W. and Tkaczyk , P. (1999) folia – “Waste water treatment and disposal” agricultural journal 2001, pp 50 – 72; 
 Bose, P. and Reckhow, D. A. (2007). Effect of Ozonation on Natural Matter Removal by Alum Coagulation. Water Research, 41: 1516-1524. 
 Caroline Snyder (2005). "The Dirty Work of Promoting "Recycling" of America‟s Sewage Sludge". International Journal of Occupational and
Environmental Health 11: 415–427. 
 Cha, J., and A. M. Cupples. (2009) "Detection of the antimicrobials triclocarban and triclosan in agricultural soils following land application
of municipal biosolids." Water Research 43: 2522-30.
  Cha, J., and A. M. Cupples. (2010) "Triclocarban and triclosan biodegradation at field concentrations and the resulting leaching potentials
in three agricultural soils." Chemosphere 81: 494-9.
  Diouf, Jacques , Journal of FAO,2003 Q&A with FAO Director-General.
  Environmental Health Perspectives. February (2004) Journal A High-Level Disinfection Standard for Land Applying Sewage Sludges
(Biosolids)"..
  Birdie, G.S and J.S. Birdie (1997) .Water supply and sanitary engineering. Published by Rai & dhanpat Ed. PP 50 -120;
  Harrison EZ, Oakes SR (2002). A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 12 (4): 387–408 "Investigation of Alleged
Health Incidents Associated with Land Application of Sewage Sludges
  Horenstein, B., Hernandez, G., Rasberry, G., Crosse, J. (1990) “Successful dewatering experience at Hyperion wastewater treatment
plant”, Water Science and Technology, v. 22, p. 183- 191
  International Journal of Environment and Pollution 11 (1): 1–36. (1999)."Land application of sewage sludges: an appraisal of the US
regulations".

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 Review of Literature
  Jones, Lepp, T. and Stevens, R. (2007) “Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in biosolids/sewage sludge:
the interface between analytical chemistry and regulation”, Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, v. 387, p. 1173–1183
  Kumar, A., Saroj, D. P., Tare, V. and Bose, P. (2006). Treatment of Distillery Spent-Wash by Ozonation and
Biodegradation: Significance of pH Reduction and Inorganic Carbon Removal Prior to Ozonation. Water Environment
Research. 78(9): 994-1004.
 McBride M. (2003). Toxic metals in sewage sludge-amended soils: has promotion of beneficial
use discounted the risks
  Garg, S.K. (2006 ) . Sewage disposal and air pollution engineering. TMH publishing Ed by laxmi publication, PP 219
– 300;
 Wu, C., A. L. Spongberg, J. D. Witter, M. Fang, and K. P. Czajkowski. (2010) "Uptake of pharmaceutical and
personal care products by soybean plants from soils applied with biosolids and irrigated with contaminated water."
Environmental Science & Technology 44: 6157-6161.".

DR D Y PATIL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
“Design Of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)”.
 OBJECTIVES:
 To estimate the volume of sewage water generated during the
different periods from WAGHOLI residential area.
 To estimate the volume of sewage water to be generated during the
next 30 years WAGHOLI residential area.
 To design the sewage treatment units for the estimated sewage
discharge.

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 IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS

 Loss of ecosystem services and economic opportunities.

 Climate change through waste water- related emissions,
which have higher global warming potentials than Co2
 Health impacts due to waterborne disease.

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 SCHEDULE OF PROJECT
 PHASE I :-
 Reading of research paper.
 Try to study the effectiveness of Sewage Treatment Plant.
 Making research paper.
 Publish research paper.
 Preparation of project report.

 PHASE II :-
 Planning and design of Sewage treatment plant (STP).
 Calculation of Sewage Treatment Plant

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 INFORMATION
 Sewage:- Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and
household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic.
 Treatment of Sewage :- The treatment of sewage consists of many complex functions.
Treatment processes are often classified as:
 (i) Preliminary treatment
 (ii) Primary treatment
 (iii) Secondary treatment
 (iv) Tertiary treatment.
 Preliminary Treatment:-  Screening – to remove floating papers, rags, clothes.  Grit
chamber – to remove grit and sand.  Skimming tank – to remove oils and greases.
 Primary Treatment :- Primary treatment consists in removing large suspended organic solids. It
is usually accomplished by sedimentation in settling basins.

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 INFORMATION
 Secondary Treatment:-
 Aerobic Biological Units (i) Filters ( intermittent sand filters, trickling filters) (ii) Activated
Sludge Plant (feed of active sludge, secondary settling tank and aeration tank) (iii) Oxidation
ponds and Aerated lagoons.
 Anaerobic Biological Units (i) Anaerobic lagoons (ii) Septic tanks (iii) Imhoff tanks.
 Tertiary Treatment:-The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a final treatment stage to
raise the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment (sea, river, lake,
ground, etc.). More than one tertiary treatment process may be used at any treatment plant.

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 BRIEF METHODOLOGY OF PROJECT
 Sewage Treatment Process
Sewage contains various types of impurities and disease bacteria. This sewage is disposed of by
dilution or on land after its collection and conveyance. If the sewage is directly disposed of, it will be
acted upon the natural forces, which will convert it into harmful substances.
 Degree of Treatment
The degree of treatment will mostly be decided by regulatory agencies and the extent to which the
final product of treatment are to be utilized.
 Screening
Screening is the very first operation carried out at a sewage treatment plant and consists of passing
the raw sewage through different types of screens so as to trap and remove the floating matter such
as tree leaves, paper, gravel, timber pieces, rags, fibre, tampons, cans, and kitchen refuse etc.
 Grit Chamber with aeration
Grit removal basins are the sedimentation basins placed in front of the fine screen to remove the
inorganic particles having specific gravity of 2.65 such as sand, gravel, grit, egg shells

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 BRIEF METHODOLOGY OF PROJECT

Skimming Tank:- Skimming tanks are the tanks removing oils and grease from the sewage
constructed before the sedimentation tanks. Municipal raw sewage contains oils, fats, waxes, soaps,
fatty acids etc. The greasy and oily matter may form unsightly and odorous scum on the surface of
settling tanks or may interfere with the activated sludge process.

 High Rate Trickling Filter :- The improved form of conventional filters known as high rate trickling
filters are now almost universally adopted for treatment to sewage. These filters consist of tanks of
coarser filtering media, over which the sewage is allowed to sprinkle or trickle down, by means of
spray nozzles or rotary distributors


Activated Sludge Process:-   The activated sludge process is an aerobic, biological sewage treatment
system to treat the settled sewage consist a variety of mechanisms and processes that use dissolved
oxygen to promote the growth of biological floc that substantially removes organic material.

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 BRIEF METHODOLOGY OF PROJECT
 Aeration Tank:-
Aeration tank is the mixing and diffusing structure in the activated sludge plant. These are
rectangular in shape having the dimensions ranging 3 to 4.5m deep, 4 to 6m wide and 20 to
200m length. Air is introduced continuously to the tank.
 Sludge Drying Beds :-
Drying of the digested sludge on open beds of land is sludge drying and such open beds of
land are known as sludge drying beds. The digested sludge from digestion tank contains a lot of
water. So it is necessary to dry up or dewater the digested sludge before it disposed of dumping.
 Sewer pipe line:-
A Sewer consists of collection of sewage water from the source, carrying it or transporting it to
the treatment plant and finally distributing the treated water among the use. Separate sewer
system is used for transporting the sewage material.

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 PARAMETERS

Parameters Effluent(Expected)
pH 5.5-9.0
BOD <20 mg/l
COD <250 mg/l
Oil and Grease <5 mg/l
Total Suspended <30mg/l
Solids
Nitrogen <5 mg/l
Ammonia nitrogen <50 mg/l
Total phosphorous <5 mg/l

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 CALCULATIONS
 Calculation of Population using Incremental Increase Method:-
 
Census Year Population Increase by Increase in
population population
arithmetical incremental
increase increase
1991 4283

2001 15341 11058

2011 33479 18138 +7080

2021 104584 71105 +52967

Total Average 100301 60047

Average Increase 33433 30023

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 CALCULATIONS
 Probable population at the end of next decade

Population at the end Use of Formula Probable

of Decade i.e. Pn = P+n(Ia+Ic) Population
2031 104584+1(33433+30023) 168040
2041 168040+1(33433+30023) 231496
2051 231496+1(33433+30023) 294952

Therefore, the probable population in 2051 = 294952

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 Estimation of Sewage volume
 Present population (2021)
 Present Population of Wagholi = 104584
 Population by the year 2051 considered for design
 Total Population predicted by the year 2051 = 294952
 Ultimate design period = 30 years
 Water supply per capita = 135 l/h/d
 Sewage generation per day = 80% of supplied water
= 135*80/100 = 108 l/h/d

Total amount of sewage produce= Sewage generated* Predicted Population

= 108 * 294952 = 3,18,54,816 lit per person per day
= 31.85 MLD
 Average Discharge = (31.85*10^6*10^-3)/(24*60*60) = 0.368 cumec
 Max Discharge = 3*0.368 = 1.10 cumec

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 Calculation of Receiving Chamber
 Design of Receiving Chamber
 Design flow = 1.10cumec Detention time = 60 sec Volume required = 1.10 x 60
 V required = 66
 Provide depth = 1 m
 Area = 66 m^2
 Take ratio of length : breadth = 2 : 1
 L x B = 2B x B = 2 m^2 = 66 m^2
 B^2 = 33
 B = 5.74 m _Say 6m
 L = 2x6= 12m
Cross Checking of the designed parameter
-Volume designed =12m x 6m x 1m
 Vdesigned = 72 m^3
 Vrequired = 66 m^3
 Vdes > Vrqd

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 Calculation for Coarse Screen
 Design of Coarse Screen
 
 Peak discharge of sewage flow = 1.10 m^3 /s
 Assume the velocity at average flow is not allowed to exceed 0.8 m/s
 The net area screen opening required = 1.10 / 0.8 = 1.375 m^2
 Clear opening between bars = 20 mm = 0.02m
 Size of the bars = 75 mm x 10 mm
 Assume width of the channel = 0.5 m
 The screen bars are placed at 60° to the horizontal.
 Velocity through screen at peak flow = 1.6m/s
 Clear area = 1.375 / 1.6 x sin 60 = 0.9923 m^2
 No of clear openings = 0.9923 / 0.03= 33.07 = Say 34 Nos.
 Width of channel = (34 x 30) + (35 x 10)= 1370mm = 1.37m
 Provided width of the channel = 1.4m Depth of channel = 0.992 / 1.4= 0.7m

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 Calculation of Grit chamber
 Design of Grit Chamber
 
 Peak flow of sewage = 1.10 /s
 Assume average detention period = 180 sec
 Aerated volume = 1.10 x 180 = 198 m^3
 In order to drain the channel periodically for routine cleaning and maintenance two chambers are used.
 Therefore volume of one aerated chamber = 198/ 2 = 99 m^2
 Assume depth of 1.5m and width to depth ratio 2:1
 Width of channel = 1.5x 2= 3 m
 Length of channel = 99 / 3= 33 m
 Increase the length by about 30% to account for inlet and outlet
 Provided length = 33+9.9 = 42.9 m

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 Calculation of Skimming tank
 The surface area required for the tank
A = 6.22 x 10^-3 x q / Vr q = 1.10 x 60 x 60 x 24 = 95040 / day
 Vr = 0.25 m / min
= 0.25 x 60 x 24
= 360 m / day
 A = 6.22 x 10^-3 x 95040 / 360 = 1.642 m^2
 Provide the depth of the skimming tank is 1m The length breadth ratio is 1.5: 1
 L = 1.5B
 A = 1.5
 1.642 = 1.5
 B = 1.05 m
 L = 1.575 m

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 Calculation of Sedimentation Tank
 Design of Sedimentation Tank 
 Max. Quantity sewage=31.85MLD
 Detention period = 2hr
 Volume of sewage = =663.54 m^3
 Provide effective depth = 2m
 Surface area = volume / depth= 664 / 2 =332 m^2

  Diameter of the tank

 A =π/4 *D^2 =332
 D=20.56 ~ say 21m
 Primary sedimentation tank is designed for
the dimension of 21m dia and 2m depth with free board of 0.5m extra depth.

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 Calculation of High Rate Trickling Filter
 Design of High Rate Trickling Filter
 Quantity of sewage flowing into the filter per day = 31.85MLD
 BOD concentration in raw sewage = 200 mg / l
 Total BOD present in raw sewage = 31.85x 200= 6370 kg.
 BOD remove in primary tank = 30%
 BOD left in the sewage entering per day in filter unit = 6370 x 0.7= 4459 kg.
 BOD concentration desires in final effluent = 20 mg / l
 Total BOD left in the effluent per day = 31.85 x 20 = 637k
 BOD removed by the filter = 4459 –637 = 3822 kg
 Efficiency of the filter = (BOD removed / total BOD) x 100
= (3820/4459) x100 = 85.7%
 Trickling filter is designed of diameter of 65 m and depth 5 m.

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 Calculation of High Rate Trickling Filter
 For Computing the volume of filter used equation –
 η=
 Where
 η= 85.7%
 Y = total BOD in kg.
 Recirculation factor
 F = recirculation factor
 F=
 Here,

 F =1.89
  So ,
 85.7 = 100/1+0.0044 4459
 V(1.89)
 V=1.6404 hec-m
 V= 16404 m

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 Calculation of High Rate Trickling Filter
 Surface area
 Filter depth = 5 m
 Surface area = volume / depth
= 16404 / 5 = 3280.8
 Diameter of circular filter
 ·A =
 d = 64.6 m ~ Say 65m

 Trickling filter is designed of diameter of 65 m and depth 5 m.

 

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 Calculation of Rotary Distrubution
 Design of Rotary Distribution
  Peak flow per day = 1.10 /s
 Assume that the velocity at central column of the distributor = 2 m/s
  The dia. of central column (D)

 D = 0.944 m
 Check for Velocity at Average Flow
  The velocity through the column at average flow, as it should not be less than 1 m/sec
 Discharge through average flow =1.10 /s
 Velocity at average flow –
  
   V = 1.25 m/sec
 1.25 m/sec > 1 m/sec hence , the dia. central column is 0.94m

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 Calculation of Arms
 We use the rotary reaction spray type distributer with 4 arms . Discharge per arms(Q)-
 Q = 1.10/4
 Q = 0.275 /s
 Dia. of filter used = 65 m
So
 Arm length =15.75m

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 Calculation of Aeration tank
 Design flow = 31.85 MLD
 Average flow of tank =31795.2 m^3 /D
 BOD in inlet = 0.8 x 200
(20% BOD removed at grit chamber)
 BOD at outlet = 20 mg / l
 BOD removed in activated plant = 160 – 20= 140 mg / l
 Minimum efficiency required in the activated plant = 140 /160 = 87.5 %
 Since the adopted extended aeration process can remove 85 – 90% Hence it is OK
 MLSS (Xt) = 3000 mg/l
 F/M ratio = 0.4
 Volume the tank required (v)
 V= = 4239.36 m^3

 Assume the liquid depth of the tank as 7 m ,The width to depth ratio as 2:1
 Width = 10 m
  Length of tank
  L x B x D =4239.36
 L=4239.36/(BxD)= 60.56 m

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 Calculation of Aeration tank
 Check for Aeration Period / HRT
 Hydraulic retention time (HRT) - t = = (4239.36x24)/31795.2
= 3.2 hrs
 Since it lies between 3 – 6 hrs it is OK

 Check for Volumetric Loading

  Volumetric loading = = (31795.2x160)/4239.36
= 1200 g/ m^3= 1.2 kg/ m^3
 Since it is lies between 1.0 – 1.3, it is OK. 
 Check for Return Sludge Ratio
 Qr/Q= = 0.56

= 56%
 It is lies between 0.5 – 1.0. Design is OK

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 Calculation for Sludge drying bed
 Design of Sludge Drying Beds
 Sludge applied to drying bed at the rate of 100kg / m^3
 MLD Sludge applied = 300 kg/day
 Specific gravity = 1.015
 Solid content = 2%
 Volume of sludge =
 =
 = 14.778 / day
 For wagholi weather condition the beds get dried out about 10 day
 Number of cycle in one year =365/10 = 36.5
 Say 37 cycles
 Period of each cycle = 10 days
 Volume of sludge per cycle = 14.778 x 10= 147.78
 Spreading a layer of 0.3m per cycle, Area of bed required = 147.78/0.3= 492.6 ~Say 500
 Provide 5 nos of bed,
 Area of each bed = 100
 Dimension of each bed 12.5m x 8m are designed.
  

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 Calculation of Sewer
 Design of Sewer 
 X-Cross section area A =
 Wetted perimeter – P = ∏D
 Hydraulic mean depth (HMD)
 R= =

 Now pipe is running half full, then A =

 Diameter of sewer pipe –
 Q= A x V
 1.10 = x 1.8
 D = 1.25m
 Slope of sewer pipe –

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 Calculation of Sewer
 By Manning’s Formula-
 V = 1.8 m/s n= 0.013
 R = 0.42
 1.8 =

 =

 S = 0.00176
 Slope = 1 in 556

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 CONCLUSION
 In the present study a scheme for the treatment and management of sewage generated in Wagholi
has been developed. The total sewage generated in one day is 31.85MLD. The treated water will be
supplied for irrigating the crops. The use of treated water will reduce the ground water use and
additionally the treated sludge will be very useful for increasing the fertility of soil. Important units
of the scheme have been designed for a specific case are:-
 The design of primary sewage treatment is for the predicted population of 3.18.54.816 and estimated
sewage of 31.85 MLD
 The dimension of receiving chamber is 12m x 5.7m x 1.5m.
 The dimension of screen is 1.37m x 0.7m
 The dimension of grit chamber with aeration is 33m x 3m x 1.5m
 The dimension of the primary sedimentation tank is diameter of 21m and depth 2.5m
 The dimension of the trickling filter is diameter of 65m and depth 5m
 The dimension of the aeration tank is 60.56m x 10m x 7M The dimension of sludge dry bed is 12.5m x
8m 

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 THANK YOU


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