Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Water whose physical, chemical or biological properties change as a result of the
introduction of certain substances which render it unsafe for purposes such as drinking
and other uses treatment of wastewater is necessary for the environmental health
wastewater treatment can prevent pollution prevention of pollution and thereby
protecting the environment and protecting the public health by safe guarding water
supplies and preventing the spread of water born diseases

Sewage Treatment Plant is a facility designed to receive the waste from domestic,
commercial and industrial sources and to remove materials that damage water quality
and compromise public health and safety when discharged into water receiving
systems. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove various
contaminants depending on its constituents. Using advanced technology it is now
possible to re-use sewage effluent for drinking water.

The purpose of domestic wastewater treatment to provide a low- cost process that
is reliable meeting effluent quality standards. The contaminants in wastewater are
removed by physical, chemical, and biological means. The individual methods usually
are classified as physical unit operations, chemical unit processes, and biological unit
processes. These operations and processes occur in a variety of combinations in
treatment systems, it has been found advantageous to study their scientific basis
separately because the principle involved do not change. Traditional design procedures
for wastewater treatment systems attempt to minimize total capital cost by considering
steady state concepts for unit processes and design guidelines. Recent work has
minimized capital as well as operation and maintenance cost using a single objective
function and steady state models which are flawed because plant inputs vary as much
as seven-fold during a 24-hour period.

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 Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

1.2SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:

The scope of the project to provide healthy environment in rural area to avoid
spreading diseases and environmental pollution to make proper drainage system and
provide healthy environment to people living style

1.3OBJECTIVES
1. To study the present conditions of the selected area.
2. To Study the demographic growth of the area.
3. To determine quality and quantity of waste water by local village area.
4. To protect human health and improve quality of life among people living in rural
area
5. To propose a simple design of sewage treatment plant with detailed estimation.

1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT:

The improper derange condition in the rural area face various problems such as,
blockage of drains, spreading diseases, water pollution, contamination of soil etc.

1.5 METHODOLOGY:
For completion of the project we select the sequence of various process such as
selection of site, data collection, population calculation, waste water calculation .etc.
the brief description of all the process we describe in chapter no 3.

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 Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

Aswathy M Hemapriya “ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT

PLANT (STP) OF APPARTMENTS IN CHENNAI (2017)”:

The project details with the study of domestic waste water collected by
RUBY GRAND, AGARAM main road MAPADU and sub sedquent design of sewage
treatment plant. The sample water collected from corresponding apartment and
characterization for the same has been done and result has been provided (pH, Total
solid, Total dissolved solid, Alkanity, Hardness, Chlorine, Iron, Ammonia, Nitrate,
Phosphate, Residual Chloride)The sewage treatment plant is quiet necessary to receive
the domestic and commercial waste and removes the material with pose harm from the
general public.

Deep Gupta “Design and analysis of sewage treatment plant (2017)”:

The College of Engineering Roorkee is one of the most important educational

institutes in the state of Uttarakhand with a large number of people residing in its
campus consisting of a number of laboratories of various departments, residential units,
academic blocks and number of hostels. A study on wastewater characterization of
treatment plant will be performed followed by the design of sewage treatment plant.
The whole project study involves the analysis of pH value, total solids, total suspended
solids, hardness, acidity, alkalinity, chloride, chlorine, BOD, COD, DO & turbidity.

Yihuan Deng & Andrew Wheatley “Wastewater treatment in Chinese Rural Areas
: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution (2016)”:

In the last 10 years, the extent of wastewater treated in China has increased by
57%, the great amounts of sewage have threatened people’s health as well the natural
environment. In the last 10 years, the sewage treatment rate has improved, in December
2013, 99.1% of Chinese cities and 82.6% counties have sewage treatment plants. This
review paper describes the current situation and has suggestion of how to overcome
future sewage problems especially water pollution in China from domestic, agriculture
and industrial sectors.

Farid Ansari & Yashwant K. Pandey: “Conceptual Design of a Wastewater

Treatment Plant for the Dera Bassi Industrial Estate, Punjab (2013)”:

There are two fundamental reasons for treatment of wastewater viz.,

prevention of pollution and thereby protecting the environment, and protecting the
public health by safe guarding water supplies and preventing the spread of water borne
diseases. Proper design, construction together with good operation and maintenance are
essential for waste water treatment plants, in order to produce effluents which are
satisfying the safe disposal standards prescribed by the regulatory authorities

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 Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

Swati Shree Samal : “Design of Sewage Treatment Plant(2016)”:

Metro satellite has become as important complex locality near the place
Palasuni of Bhubaneswar. As the city of temples, occupied the top position in the recent
survey of 100 smart cities, there will be an increase not only economically but also there
will be rise in population along with infrastructural works. So there is a substantial
possibility of rise in population in Metro Satellite area of Palasuni. With this steady
increase of population, there will be more generation of household and domestic
sewage. So there is a basic need of construction of a Sewage Treatment Plant with a
view of sufficient capacity to treat the sewage. A sewage treatment plant is quite
necessary to receive the domestic and household waste and thus removing the materials
which creates harms for general public.

G.ChandraKant :“Design & Performance Evaluation of

Wastewater Treatment Plant-D at Tirumala (2015)”

The increasing of population in pilgrimage area Tirumala near Tirupati in

Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, observed as a result of the development of the
modern societies is accompanied by concerns in the water sector, as a result of the
increasing requirements for water supply and wastewater treatment. This situation
justifies the evaluation of the system performance that covers protection of water
resources &management. Poorly treated wastewater with high levels of pollutants
caused by poor design, operation or maintenance of treatment systems creates major
environmental problems, when such wastewater is discharged to surface water or on
land.

Ponnada Puspalatha : “Design approach for sewage treatment plant: a case study
of Srikakulam greater municipality, India (2016)”:

Srikakulam city has been a developing place due to the steady increase in
city population, which in turn resulted in the increase of domestic sewage generated,
but still there is no sewage treatment plant. So it is required to construct a sewage
treatment plant with sufficient capacity to treat the generated sewage. Sewage water
treatment has challenges to treat the excess sludge and disposal of sludge.
Sewage treatment operations are done by various methods in order to reduce, its water
and organic content, and the ultimate goal of wastewater management is the protection
of the environment in a manner commensurate with public health and socioeconomic
concerns

M Bhargavi : “Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment

Plant: A Case Study on Vizianagaram Municipality (2018)”

The main objective of this study is carried out to design of a sewage treatment
plant for a vizianagaram municipality, because it has been a developing place due to
steady increase increasing population, which in results excess of sewage is produced.
To avoid this problem, to construct the sewage treatment plant. This paper focuses on
sewage generation in vizianagaram area, which was estimated 38.203MLD considering

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 Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

population of next 30 years. We are designed the various components of sewage

treatment plant like screens, grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, activated sludge
process, sludge drying beds. It is proposed to design the various components of sewage
treatment plant considering various standards and permissible limits of treated sewage
water. The treated water will be used for irrigating the crops and the sludge which is
generated after the treatment will be used as manure, so it increases the fertility of soil.
Also reduce the ground water usage

Bharat Kumar: “Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant Design of Harihar City

(2014)”

The harihar city is located right bank of Tungabhadra River in Davangeredistrict.

The existing facility with capacity of 8.8 MLD in 20 acre land on downstream side of
the city. Ultimate design period is 2054 years and 1, 19,611 population with generation
of 16.5 MLD wastewater. The proposed design has considered all applicable
environmental chemical and civil aspects. The proposed design includes treatment
units are Receiving Chamber, Screening, Grit Chamber, Fine Screen, Skimming tank
Primary Sedimentation tank, aeration tank, secondary sedimentation tank, stabilization
tank, sludge drying beds and sewer pipe lines

Sejalkumar J Patel: “Proposed Design of Sewage Treatment Plant for Kadodara

Town Located at South Gujrat Region (2018)”:

Kadodara is situated on NH-08 16.6 km away from Surat and 20 km away

from Bardoli. Due to rapid industrialization of kadodara population is increasing
day by day. Recently it has been given a status of municipality. Considering growth
it has become essential to provide STP for the future requirement and in the
present work effort has been made to design STP to cater the need of up to the
year of 2041 of town for which population forecasting, sampling and analysis,
selection of site, degree of treatment required, design of treatment unit and
estimation of the cost will be under taken. The samples were collected from the
various locations and samples were tested to measure various parameters like
BOD,COD, TSS,TDS, pH, Chlorine content etc., The work also involve selection of
treatment unit/ method based on efficiency and cost. The chlorination process will
also apply to the treated water to reduce the dependency on precious ground
water and to decrease the burden on environment.
.

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 Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

CHAPTER 3

3.1 PLANNING SCHEDULE:

The design Sewage treatment process initially started from the selection of the
site then studied present scenario then need to collect a data and analysis this data for
final result the flow chart is show the process of the work

SELECTION OF SITE

PRESENT SCENARIO

DATA COLLECTION

DATA ANYLISIS

RESULT AND CONCLUSION

Figure 3.1 Flow Chart of Planning Schedule

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 Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

3.2 SLECTION OF SITE:

For the study purpose dongaon village has been selected with a household of 250. It is
located at Nanded Maharashtra the latitude 18.6722N and Logitude 77.3874E the
mean sea level height is 365M.

Map of India Map of Maharashtra

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

Map of Mudkhed Map of Dongaon

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

3.3 DATA COLLECTION:

Touch Map

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

CT Survey Map

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

CT survey Map

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

CT Survey Map

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 Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

3.4 PRESENT SCENARIO

Fig : Seepage of sewage water from drain

Fig.Improper Drainage

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

Fig:Open Drainage

Fig: Grass on drainage

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

Fig:Sewage Water On Road

Fig:Water Logging

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

3.5 POPULLATION CALCULATION:

Methods of forcasting popullation:

1.Arithmatical increase method

2.Geometrical increase method

3 Incremental increase method

4.Decrease rate method

5.Simple graphical method

6.Comparative graphical method

7.Logistic Curve Method

Above all is the method of popullation forcasting for the project

work we select Arethimatic increase method ,Geometric increse
method and incremental increse method.

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

POPULLATION FORCASTING TABLE:

Method Formules Design Popullation

in (2031)

Arithmatical Increase Pn=Po+(n.i) 3565

Method

Geomatrical Increase Pn=Po(1+i∕100)n 4056

Method

Incremental Increase Pn=P+n(Ia+Ic) 4371

Method

So we select incremental increase method for calculation of design

population and adopt design population for sewage traetment plant is
4371

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

3.6 WASTE WATER CALCULATION:

Sr. no Purpose (lpcd) Quntity (lpd)

1 Washing 30 lpd
2 Cooking 5 lpd
3 Bathing 55 lpd

Calculation:

Total Waste Water (lpcd) = 30+5+55

= 90 lpd

Total waste water of village = Total Waste water (lpcd) x population

= 90 x 2935

=264150 lpd

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Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

Progress Of Work:

Type Of Work Status

Present Scenario Done

Data Collection Done

Analysis In progress

Result In progress

Conclusion To Be Done

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 Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant In Rural Area

REFERENCES:
Aswathy.M, Hemapriya, Analysis and design of sewage treatment plant of
Appartments In Chennai. International Jurnal of Pure Applied Mathematics, Volume:
116 No. 13 2017, 157-163.

Deep Gupta, Abhishek Ghildiyal, Neeraj Rana , Design And Analysis Of Sewage
Treatment Plant, The Enginneering Jurnal of Application and Scopes, Volume: 02
Issue: 1 | Feb 2017

Yihun Deng and Andrew Wheatley, Wastewater Treatment in Chinese Rural Areas
, Asian Jurnal of Water, Environment and Pollution, Vol. 13, No. 4 (2016), pp. 1-11.
Farid Ansari & Yashwant K. Pandey,
Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment Plant for the Dera Bassi Industrial
Estate, Punjab (India) Global Jurnal of Science Frontier Research Environment &
Earth Science Vol: 13 Issue 4 Version 1.0 Year 2013

Swati Shree Samal, Design of Sewage Treatment Plant, IOSR Jurnal of Mechanical
and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), Vol: 13 Issue 5 Ver V (Sep. – Oct. 2016), pp 25-
31.
G. Chandrakant, P Jaswanth, S .Teja reddy, G. Kiranami ,
Design & Performance Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Plant –D at
Tirumala ,International Jurnal of Scientific & Enginneering Research, Vol: 6, Issue 7,
July – 2015.Ponnada Puspalatha, Polipalli Kalpana,

Design approach for sewage treatment plant: a case study of Srikakulam greater
municipality, India, International Jurnal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology (IJRASET) Vol: 4 Issue X, Oct 2016.

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