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MIDTERM LECTURE
 The idea of “First, Second and Third World” refers to the hierarchy of
countries during the Cold War. During this period, Western policymakers
began talking about the world as three distinct political and economic blocs
such as the 1st,2nd and 3rd world countries.
 Western Capitalist Countries are labelled as the FIRST WORLD
 Soviet Union and its allies were termed as the SECOND WORLD
 Everyone else (Not included or allies of Western or Soviet Union) were
grouped as the THIRD WORLD
 However, during the end of the Cold War period, the term 2nd World became
null and void as the Soviet Union collapsed.
 In terms of the 1st world- from being a Western
Countries before, it was associated to developed or rich
or industrialized countries.
 In terms of 3rd world- from being non-alliance countries,
they started to be associated to impoverished states or
undeveloped states.
 That is the reason why these terms become outdated
and inaccurate
 A simpler classification was created due to this outdated concept of
classification.
 GLOBAL NORTH- refers to the first world countries before such as US,
Canada, Western Europe,and developed parts of Asia.
 GLOBAL SOUTH- includes the Caribbean, Latin America, South America,
Africa and other parts of Asia. These countries were used to be called as
Third World Countries before during the ColdWar era.
 However, this classification point largely to RACIAL INEQUALITY between
the Black and White since whites are disproportionately in the North while
blacks are most primarily in the South.Racial inequality in a way that blacks
are being discriminated as someone belongs to the undeveloped states
because most of them can be found in the South.
 The rural-urban differentiation has a significant relationship to globalization.
Rural refers to the characteristics of being a countryside rather than town
while urban is the characteristic of being a town or city.
 Globalization has altered North-South relations in Agriculture. According to
McMichael, the relations of agricultural production have been replaced due
to the rise of global agribusiness and factory farms.
 In this scenario, the South produces non-traditional products to export to
another countries and becomes independent on importing industrialized food
being exported by the North. It therefore displaces local farmers . Rural
economies are exposed to mass migration.
 Sassen used this concept to describe the three urban centers of New York
( US), London, (UK) and Tokyo (Japan) as economic centers that exert
control over the world’s political economy.
 These urban cities are beneficiaries of globalization. However, Bauman
claimed that they are also the most severely affected by global problems.
Therefore, they face the peculiar or special political problems since they
are the most affected in a specific country.“Local politics has become
hopelessly overloaded”.