INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTION
“PRE-SOCRATIC” “NON-THEOLOGICAL” “FIRST PHILOSOPHY”
■ A mathematician and an
astronomer who
proposed the heliocentric
theory.
■ Heliocentric theory
proposed that the Sun
was stationary in the
center of the universe
and the earth revolved
around it.
 Before the work of copernicus,
principles of classical astronomy
involving the four elements were
followed.
■ Because of this principle,
Earth was put at the center of
the universe which is known
as geocentric theory.
■ Aristotle believed that the
Earth is the true center of all
the orbs and all motions are
uniform and unchanging.
■ Geocentric Theory or Earth
centered theory was the idea
of Ptolemy
■ Before 1508 and 1514,
Copernicus adopted the
heliocentric model but this
concept was considered a
radical idea during that
time.
■ The concept was so radical
that his essay entitled “On
the Revolutions of the
Heavenly Spheres” (De
revolutionibus orbium
coelestium) was only
published the year after his
death.
■ Darwin’s theory of evolution is the widely held
notion that all living organisms are related and
have descended from a common ancestor.

■ It explains that complex creatures evolve from

more simplistic ancestors naturally over time.

■ Genetic mutations occurs because they aid

survival known as “natural selection”
■ The theory of natural
selection was posited by
Charles Darwin (and also
Alfred Wallace) who
described it as ‘survival of
the fittest’
■ According to this theory, it
is not necessarily the
strongest or most
intelligent that survives, but
the ones most responsive to
change.
■ Darwin figured out that variations in a population help in
survival.
■ Some variations are better suited for the environment that
increase the organism’s ability to survive and reproduce.
■ The organisms that survive are better adapted and the better
adapted a species is, the more fitted it is to reproduce. This
reproduction rate refer to “Survival of the fittest”.
■ Father of Psychoanalysis
■ One of the 20th century’s most
influential thinkers.
■ He believed that when people
explain their behaviour, they
rarely give a true account of their
motivation, not because they are
deliberately lying but because
they are more adept at self-
deception.
 THREE COMPONENT PARTS OF THE
MIND
■ ID (Pleasure principle) – satisfy basic urges, needs, and
desires. It is the only part of the personality that is present at
birth.
■ EGO (Reality principle)– mediates the demands of the id,
superego and reality. It prevents people from acting on their
basic urges created by the id and works to achieve a balance
with moral and idealistic standard created by the superego
■ SUPEREGO (Moral principle) – suppress the urges of the id
and tries to make the ego behave morally rather than
realistically. It is composed of people’s internalized ideals
acquired from parents and society.
 PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE
■ ORAL - Mouth
■ ANAL – Toilet training
■ PHALLIC – Genitals
Oedipus Complex
Elektra Complex
■ LATENCY – Peers, school works and hobbies
■ GENITAL – intimate relationship
PREPARED BY: Ms. Ann Kimberly S. Mendoza
EDPSYCOMM-GENED
REFERENCE:
Ilagan Y, Balinado L, Digma J. et’al. Science, Technology and Society, Panday-Lahi Publishing
Inc.