Lesson 1

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ITS

SIGNIFICANCE STUDY TO
SOCIETY CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Prepared by: Elsie Joy Licarte-Misoles, LPT

Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

a. Define Science
b. Define Technology
c. Define Society
d. Discuss the features of STS
e. Discuss some of the notable human successes in
the field of Science and Technology.
f. Know the disadvantages and ethical dilemmas of
science and technology.
SCIENCE
Science is the systematic study of nature, both living
and nonliving aspect of nature including natural
phenomena like thunder, weather, etc.
TECHNOLOGY
Technology is the organization of knowledge for
the achievement of practical purposes or a set of
skills, techniques or activities for shaping materials
and fabricating objects for practical ends.
-Technology is used by people in building houses,
irrigations, and in developing tools that they can use in
everyday life. They developed tools for planting, hunting,
cooking, and fishing; for fighting their enemies during war
or tribal conflicts; and for transportation, both on land and on
waterways. They also developed technologies in creating
musical instruments.
SOCIETY
Society is the system of collective, cohabitation of
groups of individuals with mutual understanding,
benefits and common goals.
Science, Technology, and Society
(STS)
- aim at increasing our ability to comprehend
and apply the concepts of scientific and
technological systems
1. As the discipline that raises a generation of
citizens who understand the nature of things in the
environment.
2. A generation of citizens who are aware of
changes taking the place around them.
3. A generation who can adjust to the changes in
the environment.
4. A generation who is equipped to deal with forces
that influences the future;
5. A generation who can take her future in her own
hands
A discipline that embodies the relationship of
science and technology and how the two shape
the society and vice-versa.
Key points
Some of the Notable Human
Successes in the Field of
Science and Technology
 COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

In the early times, people questioned what made days and nights.
They wanted to know what heavenly bodies like stars, moons and
planets are. The invention of the telescope gave people the
opportunity to take a glimpse at the outer space, but most
importantly, knowing what is really out there fascinated them.
 COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

A famous philosopher and astronomer, Claudius Ptolemy,

believed that the Earth was at the center, and the sun and the
moon revolved around it. The sun and moon’s revolution
explained the existence of days and nights. This concept is known
as geocentrism. This model was widely accepted by the people
and was one of the greatest discoveries of that time.
 COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

However, during the 16 century, a Polish mathematician and

th

astronomer named Nicolaus Copernicus, challenged the Ptolemic

model. He introduced a new concept known as heliocentrism. This
suggested that the sun was the center of the Solar system and not Earth.
The public rejected this idea at first but after some time, astronomers
realized that the Copernican model simplified the orbits for planets. It
was finally accepted by the people in a period which was called the
birth of modern astronomy.
Geocentric Theory Vs. Heliocentric Theory
 DARWINIAN THEORY OF EVOLUTION

This has brought a great impression on how people approach Biology

forever. Charles Darwin, an English naturalist , biologist, and geologist
published two (2) books, The Origin of Species (1859) and Descent of
Man (1871). He believed that men descended from apes.
DARWINIAN THEORY OF EVOLUTION
 DARWINIAN THEORY OF EVOLUTION

In his first book, he introduced the theory of evolution, which means that species have
the ability to adapt to their environment and would progressively change into something
that would be more competitive in order to survive. He suggested that people go
through a process called natural selection wherein only the fittest would survive.
Nonetheless, this theory became very controversial because people see this as a
contradiction against the teachings of the church where they believe that a powerful
creator was the source of life. This was the period when people believed and accepted
the biblical version of the Earth’s creation. Because of this, people were divided- some
believed that the theory explained the origin of life, while the devout and the faithful
strongly disproved. It took a while for people to realize that Darwin’s theory of
evolution was not in contradiction of the teachings of the church and both can coexist.
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

The theory started to revolutionize Psychiatry with Sigmund Freud. In

the past, psychology was always classified under philosophy and that it
was considered more of an art rather than a science. However, in the
late 19th century, Sigmund Freud was able to change people’s
perception of psychology with his revolutionary theory, the study of
human behavior called psychoanalysis.
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

He theorized three (3) aspects of personality that significantly

influenced human behavior. These are the structures or levels of the
mind (conscious, pre-conscious, and unconscious); the structures or
the levels of personality (id, ego, and superego); and the psychosexual
stages of development.
 THE THREE LEVELS OF MIND

 Conscious mind (lowest level) - consists of our thoughts, desires, and

wishes we are aware of or can be recalled at any time.

 Pre-conscious mind - consists of experiences that we are not aware of but

are made conscious by simply focusing on them. These are our memories and
stored knowledge.

 Unconscious mind (or Sub-conscious) - is the highest level of the mind that
contained repressed urges, thoughts, memories, and wishes which are disturbing
and threatening. They could not be easily accessed unless they are brought out
through psychoanalysis or psychotherapy. Thoughts are unorganized and are
based on pleasures and desires and usually conflicts with society.
THREE STRUCTURES OF PERSONALITY

a. ID (the makahayop personality) – is the instinctive

and primitive component of personality and seeks
immediate gratification. It is also where the sexual
urge or libido is associated.

a. EGO ( the makatao personality) – is the decision-

making, rational and negotiating component of
personality. It operates according to the principle
of reality.

b. SUPEREGO or conscience (the maka-diyos

personality) – strives to be moral, perfect, good
and honorable.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

Freud believed that personality developed through a series of

childhood stages in which the pleasure-seeking energies of the id
become focused on certain erogenous areas. An erogenous zone is
characterized as an area of the body that is particularly sensitive to
stimulation.

During the five psychosexual stages, which are the oral, anal,
phallic, latent, and genital stages, the erogenous zone associated
with each stage serves as a source of pleasure.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Disadvantages and Ethical
Dilemmas of Science and
Technology
The disadvantages and ethical dilemmas of science and technology
are complex and varied. Some of the disadvantages include
environmental impact, such as pollution and resource depletion, as
well as the potential for technological advancements to exacerbate
social inequalities, privacy, security, job displacement,
environmental impact, and the potential misuse of technology.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! 