Professional Documents
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CDA 30603
PEMBANGUNAN
DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL
PROF DATUK DR YAHAYA IBRAHIM
PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI
PENGENALAN
• Pembangunan di bidang ekonomi adalah suatu proses ekonomi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan
pendapatan perkapita penduduk atau masyarakat di sebuah negara dalam jangka panjang yang disertai
dengan perubahan fundamental dalam struktur ekonomi dan pemerataan pendapatan bagi penduduk suatu
negara.
• Economic development tersebut akan memberikan perubahan pada masyarakat, baik itu dari sisi teknologi,
mindset masyarakat, maupun kelembagaan (organisasi atau badan-badan tertentu).
DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Economic development is the growth of the standard of living of a nations people
from a low-income (poor) economy to a high-income (rich)economy. When the local
quality of life is improved, there is more economic development.
• The concept, however, has been in existence in the West for centuries. "Modernization,
"westernization", and especially "industrialization" are other terms often used while
discussing economic development.
• A longer average life expectancy, for example, is one of the results of economic
development. Improved productivity, higher literacy rates, and better public education, are
also consequences.
• Put simply; economic development is all about improving living standards. ‘Improved living
standards’ refers to higher levels of education and literacy, workers’ income, health, and
lifespans.
• Economic development looks at how the citizens of a country are affected. Apart from their
living standards, it also looks at the freedom they have to enjoy those living standards.
• Development, on the other hand, looks at a much wider range of statistic than simply
GDP or GDP per capita. GDP per capita is GDP divided by the total population.
4. Environmental standards.
6. Access to healthcare. This takes into account the number of doctors per thousand people,
access to affordable medicine, etc.
(CURRENTLY, Malaysia has a doctor to population ratio of 1:633. The target is for the
country to achieve a 1:400 ratio by 2020.)
• 2. ADAM SMITH
• Menurut Adam Smith, economic development adalah proses perpaduan atau kombinasi
antara pertumbuhan penduduk (pendapatan perkapita) dan kemajuan teknologi.
• 3. PROF. MEIER
Menurut Prof. Meier, pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah proses kenaikan
pendapatan riil perkapita dalam jangka waktu yang panjang.