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3 Industry and Environment Analysis
3 Industry and Environment Analysis
1
Slides prepared by Leigh Lim
Introduction
• There are 4 perspectives in the motivation of
businesses to earn a profit:
– Economic Analysis
– Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
– Environmental Scanning
– SWOT Analysis
2
Economic Analysis of Profit Maximization
• Market Concentration
– Refers to the number of sellers and buyers in the
market
– The more concentrated the market means the
lesser producers are there in the industry
– Monopoly: one seller (most concentrated with
huge market power)
– Oligopoly: few sellers (lesser degree of market
concentration but with significant market power)
– Perfect Competition: many sellers (diluted market
concentration with no market power) 3
Economic Analysis of Profit Maximization
• Barriers to Entry
– Refers to inherent features of the industry and
various means devised in the market to prevent the
entry of potential players and competitors
– Scale barriers: requirements for large production
plants for a feasible operation in the industry (huge
amounts of capital and resources)
– Legal Barriers: proprietary rights and their
corresponding legal protection extended to existing
market players in the production and distribution of
a product or service 4
Economic Analysis of Profit Maximization
5
Economic Analysis of Profit Maximization
• Product Differentiation
– Refers to the ability of a business firm to create a
market niche through several means of varying its
products and services
– Monopoly: highly differentiated product
– Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition: some
degree of product differentiation
– Perfect Competition: homogenous good
6
Economic Analysis of Profit Maximization
• Limited Information
– Refers to the unevenness in the distribution of
information among actors in the market
– When market actors are not evenly informed, those
with more information can have market power
– Monopoly: very limited information
– Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition: limited
information
– Perfect Competition: perfect information
7
Economic Analysis of Profit Maximization
• Market Power
– Monopoly: high market power
– Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition: limited
market power
– Perfect Competition: no market power
• See table 3.1 for a summary of what we
discussed
8
Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Position
10
Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Position
11
Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Position
12
Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Position
13
Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Position
17
Environmental Scanning in Industry Analysis
• National Economy
– A rapidly growing economy will have positive
effects
– A lethargic economy will have negative effects
• Global Economy
– Crises in other countries can affect the national
economy in a bad way
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Environmental Scanning in Industry Analysis
• Demographic Changes
– Population is the market base for industries and
changes in the structure of the population has an
impact on businesses
– People are also the source of firms’ laborers,
professional and technical expertise, savers,
investors and entrpreneurs
20
Environmental Scanning in Industry Analysis
• Social Changes
– Modifications in family structure and other social
changes have an impact on consumer behavior
and tastes
• Changes in the Natural Environment
– Extreme fluctuations in the natural environment
can have adverse effects on the production of
certain sectors and may even temporarily impair
the purchasing power of some consumers
21
SWOT Analysis
• Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
• Focuses on strengths and opportunities that can
enhance the profitability of an industry as a
measure of benefit
• Identifies the weaknesses and threats that may
contribute in increasing the costs of the industry
that make it less attractive for business ventures
• See figure 3.4
22
SWOT Analysis
• Strengths
– Internal characteristics of firms or industry that
can contribute directly to the profitability of firms
and the industry
• Weaknesses
– Internal characteristics of firms or industry that
mitigate the profitability of firms and the industry
23
SWOT Analysis
• Opportunities
– Positive impacts of various external environments on
the profitability of an industry
– Unlike strengths, these are only potential, indirect
and prospective (firms have no direct control)
• Threats
– Undesirable impacts of external factors on the
profitability of the industry
– Unlike weaknesses, these are only potential, indirect
and prospective (firms have no direct control)
24
SWOT Analysis
• SWOT Analysis and the Business Climate
– The business climate is shaped by the interactions
between various sets of internal factors and external
factors manifesting as SWOT
– Macroeconomic policies are government actions
meant to stabilize and promote economic growth
– Government regulations are a set of rules meant to
address market distortions to promote public welfare
– Institutional support refers to government assistance
that can make a favorable business climate
25
SWOT Analysis
• Business Opportunities in Various Economic
Sectors:
• Agricultural Sector and Agribusiness
– See pages 113 to 117
• Industrial Sector and Manufacturing Industries
– See pages 117 to 121
• Services Sector and Retail Services
– See pages 121 to 124
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Synthesis
• There are several perspectives that can be used in
analyzing the firm’s profitability and identifying business
opportunities (profit maximization, Porter’s five
competitive forces, environmental scanning and SWOT
analysis)
• There are limitations in each perspective
• There are three major sectors of the Philippine economy:
agriculture, industry and services
• There are numerous industries in each economic sector
that potential entrepreneurs can pursue
• The perspectives discussed can give insights on what
business opportunities have promise for implementation27