WELCOME

TO THE MOST NOBLE OF

ALL PROFESSIONS!
Don’t you know...

Extensionists have the highest

score of organizational
identification among all jobs.
INTRODUCTION TO
AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION
June 26, 2018
Hive Hotel, Quezon City
Module outline

Lesson 1: BASICS OF AE

Lesson 2: TRENDS IN AE

Lesson 3: THE KEY PLAYERS IN AE

 Activity 1

Hello, partner!
 Activity 1

Hello, partner!
 Choose a partner.
 Each will be given 2 mins to introduce
yourself to your partner.
 At the end of 4 mins, one must share
with the group how the activity went.
 Lesson 1

Basics of
Agricultural Extension
Objectives
1. define agricultural extension
2. explain the philosophy of agricultural
extension
3. enumerate the principles of agricultural
extension
4. specify the features of effective
agricultural extension
5. discuss briefly the history of
agricultural extension
6. explain the agricultural extension
system components
Methodology
 Activities
 Participatory discussion
› Voluntary sharing
› Random call participation
› Orderly individual participation
› Open forum
 Quiz
CONCEPTS OF EXTENSION
Let us compare:
EXTENSION

RURAL
EXTENSION
AGRICULTUR
AL
EXTENSION
Extension is an educational process
› Non formal education
designed to
› Demands active change KSA
participation
Extension is a communication
process

› Exchange of information

› encompasses a wide range of

communication and learning
activities organized
for rural people
Extension is a process of working
with rural people
 in order to improve their livelihoods, e.g.
agricultural productivity
 involves developing their abilities to direct their
own future development.
 Fundamental Objective
Extension’s fundamental objective is the
development of people.

Focuses on:
 Strengthening capacities
 Empowering rural people
 Supporting to obtain skills and information
Fundamental Objective

By changing people’s
outlook toward their
difficulties…

Extension is concerned not just with physical and

economic achievements but also with the
development of the rural people themselves.
General definition
all activities related to the provision of information and
services required by various stakeholders, especially in the
rural areas, to assist and support them in the development of
their own technical, organizational, and management skills
and practices with the end goal of improving livelihoods and
well-being
 Agricultural Extension
 the application of scientific research and new
knowledge to agricultural practices
through farmer education
Legal definition

provision of training, farm and business advisory,

demonstration, and information and communication
support through tri-media

(AFMA, 1997)
...CONCEPTS OF EXTENSION

 Extension is a system
 Extension is a service
 Extension is a function
Fundamental Elements of Extension
 Knowledge and skills
 Technical advice and What to extend
information
 Farmers’ organization
 Motivation and self
How to do it most
confidence effectively
 Linkage
 Impact Result
...CONCEPTS OF EXTENSION

For participant’s input

 From the foregoing discussions on the

concepts & definitions of extension,
identify common misapplication of
extension…
PHILOSOPHY OF
EXTENSION
Philosophy – lit. “love of wisdom”
– a body of general principles or laws
of a field of knowledge

Philosophy of extension
– Set of principles that guide the
development and practice of extension
work
...PHILOSOPHY OF EXTENSION

For everyone’s comment

“Give man a fish and he will feed for

a day; teach him how to fish and he
will feed himself for a lifetime”
...PHILOSOPHY OF EXTENSION

For everyone’s comment

“Man is the center of all

development activities”
...PHILOSOPHY OF EXTENSION

For everyone’s comment

“Let the flowers bloom…”

 PRINCIPLES OF EXTENSION
GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
 Works with its clients, not for them
 Cooperates and coordinates with other development
organizations
 Extension is a two-way
exchange of information
GUIDING
PRINCIPLES  Works with different target
groups in the community

 Works with what the clients

know and have

 People should be involved in

all aspects of extension.
BASIC PRINCIPLES
 Extension should assist farmers to determine their
own problems, help them to find desirable solutions
and to encourage them to take action
 Farmers learn faster when they see and do it
themselves
 Extension should be based on facts and knowledge
BASIC PRINCIPLES
 Extension philosophy of culture
› It respects the culture of people
› It brings about cultural change through cultural
development

 Extension philosophy of social progress

› Its works is based on needs and desires of the people
› It facilitates change and help people to adjust with them
...PHILOSOPHY OF EXTENSION

Generate principles

“Big Brother – Small Brothers

Partnership Extension Strategy”
FEATURES OF
EFFECTIVE EXTENSION

 Active participation of
stakeholders 

 Strong linkage between

research and
extension and other
sources of knowledge
...FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE EXTENSION

 Farmers’ identification of local priorities and needs 

 Teach and encourage technologist and farmers to
experiment 
...FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE EXTENSION

 Well organized ground working 

 Good Planning and feedbacking
 Continuous education and training
A good program plan consists of the
following characteristics
 It is based on the analysis of  It has a definite plan of work
the situation  It is a continuous process
 It selects programs based on  It is a teaching opportunity
needs  It is a coordinating process
 It determines objectives and  It provides for evaluation of
solutions that offer solution processes and results
 It has permanence with
flexibility
 It has balance with emphasis
 Activity 2

Listing of Factors Affecting Extension Work

 FACTORS AFFECTING
EXTENSION WORK
• Availability of resources
• Spatial distribution
• Population size
• Compositional characteristics
• Community Institutions
• Government reorganizations
• Coordination of development efforts from other
agencies
HISTORY OF EXTENSION
As old as start of human existence

Mesopotamia, 1800 B.C. -

archaeologists have
unearthed clay tablets of the
time on which were inscribed
advice on watering crops and
getting rid of rats
...HISTORY OF EXTENSION

800 BC - the minister of

agriculture under one of
the China’s Zhou
dynasty emperors organized
the teaching of crop
rotation and drainage to
farmers

Reading: http://www.fao.org/docrep/W5830E/w5830e03.htm
...HISTORY OF EXTENSION

1867 - “University Extension”

was first used in England

1890 - university extension was

adopted by the United States

1914 – creation of “cooperative

extension in US land grant
universities

Reading: http://www.fao.org/docrep/W5830E/w5830e03.htm
...HISTORY OF EXTENSION

 Arabic: Al-Ershad (“guidance”)
 Dutch: Voorlichting (“lighting the path”)
 German: Beratung (“advisory work”)
 French: Vulgarisation (“popularization”)
 Spanish: Capacitación (“training” "capacity
building")
 Thai, Lao: Song-Suem (“to promote”)
 Persian: Tarvij & Gostaresh (“to promote and to
extend”) -‫سترش‬RRR‫رویج و گ‬
RRR‫ت‬
 • Several organizations were merged into the ATI 1987
• Creation of BAEX 1952
• Division of Demonstration and Extension Service 1910
• Creation of Bureau of Agriculture 1902
• Granjas Modelos or model farms 1840
History of PH Agricultural Extension
 Farm Tourism Law
(RA 10816) issued
AFMA
enacted AFMec Law
Devolution of (RA 8435) (RA 10601)
Extension issued Institutionalization of
Services Philippine Regionalizatio CPAFES
(RA 7160) Fisheries n of ATI
Training ATI Rationa-
Code issued
Centers lization Plan Piloting of
Birth of (RA 8550)
approved CPAFES
ATI (EO
116)

1987 1991 1997-8 2007 2013 2017-8 2020

History of Philippine Agricultural Extension

1987-present
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
SYSTEM COMPONENTS

 Research System

 Change System

 Client System
Extension as a system
International goals: Peace and security, UN, International
Global/Societal
upholding basic human rights Bodies

National development goals (e.g. PDP Countries, National

National
Goals) Bodies

Industry – Services – AGRICULTURE Departments,

Sectoral
goals Ministries

Development
Regulatory Development Extension
Regulatory Research and Extension
Research and
The Philippine Agricultural Extension System

National Local
Government Government
(DA, DAR, DENR (Provinces,
DOST, SUCs, etc.) Cities,
Municipalities)

Private Sector The National

(Agribusiness firms, Extension System
NGOs, POs,
Cooperatives)
in Agriculture and
Fisheries (NESAF)
Extension
…as AFE
Actors
Extension under AFMA
(RA 8435) LGUs

 Training IEC

 Technology FBAS
Demonstration Techno Demo
 Farm business
Training
advisory services NGAs/ Private
SUCs Sector
 IEC materials
Delineation of Extension Services
National Government Private Sector Local Government
1. Composition
 National Government  Farmers and fisherfolk  Province
Agencies until the cooperatives,  Cities
Regional level  rural-based organizations  Municipalities
 State Universities and  civil society organizations
Colleges  non-government organizations
 people’s organizations
2. Delineation of services
 Technical assistance  training and other complementary direct agriculture and
 Training of LGU extension services fisheries extension
extension personnel  community organizing services to farmers and
 Improvement of  use of participatory approaches fisherfolk and their
physical facilities  popularization of training
communities
 Extension cum research materials
 Information support  regenerative agricultural
services technologies
 agri-business and
 management skills
Delineation of Extension Services

State Universities and Colleges

 Degree and non-degree training programs
 Technical assistance
 Extension cum research activities
 Monitoring and evaluation of LGU
extension projects
 Information support services through the
tri-media and electronics
Delineation of Extension Services

Agricultural Training Institute

 Secretariat of the NESAF
 Lead in the execution of extension functions of DA in
collaboration with LGUs and SUCs
 Lead in the formulation and execution of policies and
guidelines:
› Planning and Implementation of Extension Programs
› Harmonized and merit and output-oriented promotion
system of extension personnel
› Harnessing the expertise of the private sector in the
provision of extension services
 Maintain a computerized database of extension staff
 Periodic assessment of related planning and programming
capability
Structure of the delivery system
Knowledge Knowledge Dissemination Knowledge
Development Utilization

Knowledge Source National Level Knowledge Local Level Knowledge Knowledge Users
Channel Channel
 R&D
 Farmers/fishers
Institutions
NGAs/SUCs and their families
& communities
 Clients along the
 Market
value chain:
Institutions
ATI* LGUs  Input suppliers
 Producers
 Other Sources  Processors
of Knowledge  Traders
Private ESPs
 Consumers

*Role of the ATI:

• ensure a strong capability of extension service providers
• ensure efficient delivery of extension services
Summarize what you learned
1. define agricultural extension
2. explain the philosophy of agricultural
extension
3. enumerate the principles of agricultural
extension
4. specify the features of effective
agricultural extension
5. discuss briefly the history of
agricultural extension
6. explain the agricultural extension
system components
Group Quiz: True of False

1. Extension is extending seeds, fertilizers

and other inputs

2. The word “extension” started with the

existence of man

3. Extension should be based on farmers’

needs
 Activity 3

PASALOAD