Fertilizers and

Concoctions
Maynard M. Baluyut
School GPP Leader- Masantol High School
 Objectives:

1. Apply the recommended kind and rate of fertilizer needed by

vegetable crops.
2. Promote more usage of natural pesticides
3. Determine the macro elements of the soil and their functions
4. Identify the sources, kinds and the importance of fertilizers
5. Know the methods of determining and conserving soil fertility
What is fertilizer?

Fertilizers are chemical or organic compounds

containing one or more of the important nutritive
elements which plants need for their growth and
development.
 Kinds of fertilizers
Organic fertilizer Inorganic fertilizer

• Urea
• Vermicast
• Complete fertilizer
• Compost • Ammonium sulfate
• Carbonized rice hull • Ammonium phosphate
 Methods of fertilizer application

Broadcasting Side dressing

Foliar application Fertigation
 Methods of determining soil fertility

Soil analysis Nutrient deficiency symptom

 Loss of nutrients from the soil

Loss through the crops Loss of plant food through surface run-off
Loss of plant food through leaching. Soil erosion.
 Methods of conserving soil fertility
Green manuring
Application of farm manures or organic fertilizers
Cover cropping Mulching
CARBONIZED RICE HULL
(CRH)
CARBONIZED RICE HULL
• Carbonized rice hull (CRH) is made from incomplet
e or partial burning of rice hull.
• It is porous and bulky with uniform intact black par
ticles.
• It contains phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calciu
m (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and micronutrients vital
to growing crops.
• Because it is also sterilized, it is free from disease o
rganisms.
 USES OF CRH
As substrate to organic fertilizer
• When mixed with other organic mat
erials like bokashi, CRH can be a goo
d source of organic fertilizer (OF)
 USES OF CRH
.As soil conditioner
• Makes the clay soil porous
• Replenish nutrients and other microelements in t
he soil that were lost due to continuous cropping.
• Improves soil structure by increasing bulk density,
water holding capacity, and aeration.
• It is a good potting media when mixed with other
materials
 USES OF CRH
As base material for making microbial in
oculants, Effective Micro Organisms
(EM)

• Naturally, CRH is a habitat for benefi

cial micro organisms that facilitate c
omposting.
 USES OF CRH
5. As Pest Control Agent

• Contains silica that irritates the golden kuh

ol.

• When applied after levelling, snails are for

ced to come out, making handpicking faste
r and easier.
 USES OF CRH
7.As deodorizer / odor suppressant

• CRH also cleanses and deodorizes bad air smell through its
activated carbon that absorbs foul odors in the air. The sa
me principle applies when a charcoal is placed inside a refr
igerator.

• CRH is used as mulch bed in animal pen and poultry house

s to reduce foul smell from urine and manure
 MAKING OF CARBONIZED RICE HULL
(ANG PAGGAWA NG CARBONIZED RICE HULL)
 DRY RICE HULL CARBONIZER SHOVEL

LIGHTER OR MATCH WATERING PAIL

FIRE WOOD (FUEL)
STICKS
STEP 1

Start a fire using the lighter and firewood and let

it kindle
 STEP 2
1 Make sure that the fire won’t die out before
covering it with the Carbonizer

2
 STEP 3
1
Pour and stack the
dried rice hull around
the
2 carbonizer.
 STEP 4
1 When the rice hull at the top are
carbonized, use the shovel to cover it with
the dried rice hull from the bottom

2
 STEP 5

When the rice hull is almost carbonized (80%).

1 Remove the carbonizer by tipping it over to
the side using the long shovel. Extra caution is
exercised for the carbonizer is extremely hot

2
STEP 6
Mix the rice hull and let the
remaining embers to carbonize the
rest of
the mixture until all of it (100%) are
carbonized
STEP 7
When all of the rice
hull are carbonized,
sprinkle water onto the CRH using the
watering pale to extinguish the remaining
embers
STEP 8
Lay the CRH thinly and make sure that the
embers have died out to prevent the
carbonized rice hull turn to ash
STEP 9

When its dry, collect and

store the CRH into sacks.
After that, its ready to
be used or sold
VERMICOMPOSTI
NG
 WORM COMPOSTING
•Relies on hungry worms to break down
farm waste into a very nutrient
rich fertilizer for plants.

•Casting are often called “Black

Gold”, looks like dark, rich coffee
grounds

•AUXIN – a naturally occurring growth

hormone is present in the casting

•Vermi castings contain more nutrients

than conventional fertilizer
 WORM COMPOSTING
ANC- “African Night Crawler” (Eudrilus
Euginae). A kilo of these worms can
consume a kilo of farm waste per day

They reproduce quickly under favorable

conditions, doubling their population in
month

Started in the Philippines in the

1970’s.
 Site SELECTION
CONSIDERATIONS
 It must be shaded (earthworms
shy away from strong light)

 Flood free

 Accessible to water supply and

source of compost material

 Well ventilated
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
HOUSING (WORM BIN)
VERMICULTURE IN LAYERED
CRATES
VERMICULTURE IN A DRUM
VERMICULTURE IN CEMENTED
PLOTS
VERMICULTURE IN PIGPENS
VERMICULTURE IN IRON BARS
AND LAMINATED SACKS
THE MOST PRACTICAL VERMI BIN
OPTION - 1
THE MOST PRACTICAL VERMI BIN
OPTION - 2
DESIGN OF VERMI BIN
DESIGN OF VERMI BIN
 Stock filling of substrate

• Sandwich: stock with 2-inch layer alterna

ting substrate. Water every layer with IM
O (Dilution rate: 20ml IMO for every liter
of water)
 SELECTION OF RAW MATERIALS
CONSIDER THE SOURCES OF MATERIALS
 Market waste/Farm waste/Kitchen waste

 Livestock manure/Leguminous plants

Identify materials rich in nitrogen

•Sea weeds •All legumes

•Wild Sunflower •Vegetable Peels •All animal manure
•Katuray •Ipil-Ipil except dog
•Peanut •Duckweed and cat.
•azolla
 SELECTION OF RAW

MATERIALS
Identify materials rich in carbon:
Grass Saw dust (from non treated
Rice Straw wood)
Corn Stalks Coco dust(from non treated
Wood wood)
Paper
Size and kind of materials:
•Small material sizes are more favorable. Shredded
materials decompose more easily.
•Easily composted materials like banana leaves, stalks
and fruit peelings
 GRASS
MANURE

MADRE DE CACAO LEAVES / CHOPPED BANANA

LEGUMES TRUNK
Anaerobic and Aero
bic Decomposition
 Anaerobic Stage
AFTER PREPARING THE SUBSTRATE IN A SANDWICH TYPE STOCK
FILLING

 Spray or drench IMO 20ml/L of

water
.

 Cover the bin with laminated

sack or used tarpaulin

 Leave for 2 weeks

 Aerobic Stage
AFTER 15 DAYS

• Remove the plastic covering

• Deploy the worms
• The earthworms will start to fe
ed on the substrate.
• Maintain optimum moisture
• Cover with net or leaves
Protection from predators

Cover the bin with leaves, sacks or nets

 Maintenance Of Worm Bin
TEST THE MOISTURE
CONTENT
 Squeeze a fistful of
substrate, five to seven
drops of water indicates
about 80% MC
 Maintenance Of Worm Bin

PROTECT YOUR WORMS FROM NATURAL

PREDATORS
 Birds, chickens, frogs

 mice, snakes, and even pigs

love to eat worms
 Maintenance Of Worm Bin
PROTECT YOUR WORMS FROM NATURAL
PREDATORS
 Ants do not eat worms but they
can kill your population if left
unattended.
 Harvesting
• Manual Pick- Pick the
worms by hand and tr
ansfer them to a new
worm bed. The vermi-
compost may be allow
ed to dry in the shade
for few days and sifte
d, if finer compost is d
esired.
 Harvesting

• Migration-Move the contents o

f the whole bed to one side. Fil
l the empty half with new subst
rate. Allow the worms to move
freely to the new food. Harvest
the castings left by the worms.
 Harvesting

Vermi castings (earthworm

manure) look like dark, rich coffee
grounds. They can be collected
using:

Top Harvest Method is our favorit

e method of harvesting vermicast
Vermi Compost Screener
Rotary type compost screener
DRYING AND STORAGE

•Vermi compost can

be stored at 30% MC
in plastic bags.
Store in cool place
away from direct
sunlight.
 SUMMARY
OF
PROCEDURE
STEP 1 – PREPARE THE WORM BIN
(BAHAY NG BULATI)
STEP 2 – 1ST LAYER(LIVESTOCK
MANURE)
SPREAD OUT EVENLY
STEP 3 – 2ND LAYER(PLANT PARTS-
LEAVES, TRUNKS, FRUITS)
STEP 4 – 3RD LAYER(LIVESTOCK
MANURE)
STEP 5 – 4TH LAYER(PLANT PARTS-
LEAVES, TRUNKS, FRUITS)
STEP 6 – 5TH LAYER(LIVESTOCK
MANURE)
NOTE: SPRAY IMO IN EVERY
LAYER
STEP 7-COVER THE WORM BIN AND WAIT FOR 2
WEEKS. MICROBES WILL DO THEIR
DECOMPOSITION JOB!
STEP 8- AFTER 15 DAYS- DEPLOY THE
WORMS
STEP 9- COVER THE WORM BIN TO PROTECT
FROM PREDATORS. WATER 2-3 TIMES A
WEEK
HANDS-ON:VERMI CULTURE
 IMPORTANT NOTE TO
REMEMBER!!!
IN VERMI CULTURE,
IT IS ALWAYS WHAT YOU
FEED, IS WHAT YOU GET!
Concoctions and Extracts
INDIGENOUS
MICROORGANISMS - IMO
Materials:
• 1kg. cooked rice
• 2kgs molasses
• Bamboo
• Manila paper
• Rubber band
• marker
 INDIGENOUS
MICROORGANISMS - IMO
Procedure:
1. Wash the rice properly
2. Cook it normally (not too w
et or too dry)
3. Transfer the ¼ full cooked ri
ce into the bamboo pole
4. Cover it with 2 layered manil
a paper and cellophane then
tie with rubber bands and pu
t markings
5. Keep it under the bamboo f
orest
INDIGENOUS
MICROORGANISMS - IMO
Procedure:
6. After 3 - 5 days, collect the white col
ored molds (black molds discard)
7. Weigh the collected rice and molds
then add molasses in equal weight.
(1:1)
8. Put in a plastic container and wipe t
he mouth of the pail, cover it with 2 l
ayered manila paper and put markin
gs. Ferment for 1 week
9. Drain the liquid and place in another
container. Loosen the cap for 1 week
10. IMO is ready to use after fermentati
on
INDIGENOUS
MICROORGANISMS - IMO
USAGE
• Plants – stronger immune systems
• Animals - stronger immune systems. Removes fo
ul odor. mix with drinking water

DOSAGE
• 2tbsp./L of water
• 1-2 small sardine can/knapsack sprayer
• spray or drench 2x a week
 Total fermentation days: 12 days
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SERUM – LABS (F
ORMULATION 1)
(NATURAL ENZYMES)

Materials:
1 . 100g powdered ric
e
2 . 1L milk
3 . Water 1L+10L
4 . 1L Molasses+1.5L
5 . 1 bottle of beer
 LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SERUM (LABS)

Procedure:
1. Ferment 100g of ground rice t
o 1L of water for 1 week (or y
ou can use 1L of Rice wash) i
n a pail
2. After 1 week, add 1L of Milk
3. After 1 week, add 1L of Molas
ses
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SERUM – LABS
(LAB ENZYMES)

Procedure:
4. After 1 week, add 10L of w
ater, 1.5L of Molasses and 1
bottle of beer
5. Ferment for another week b
efore it is ready for use
 LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SERUM – LABS
(LAB ENZYMES)

USAGE
 Plants – immune system of plants.
 Spray to plant leaves to fortify phyllosphere microbes
 Animals – improve immune system of animals. Remove foul odor. mix with
feeds, drinking water. Promotes intestine movement, regulates the balance
of intestinal bacteria and prevents growth of harmful or pathogenic bacteria

DOSAGE
 2tbsp./L of water
 spray or drench 2x a week
 Total fermentation days: 28 days
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SERUM – LABS (F
ORMULATION 2)
(LAB ENZYMES)

Materials:
1 . 900ML Milk
2 . 100ml clear liquid from fermented ri
ce
3 . 1L Molasses
 LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SERUM – LABS
(LAB ENZYMES)

Procedure:
1 . Use the first rice wash from t
he cooked rice
2 . Put liquid inside the plastic c
ontainer (3/4 full)
3. Cover the container with 2 layer m
anila paper
4. Put markings
5 . Ferment for 7 days
 LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SERUM – LABS
(LAB ENZYMES)

Procedure:
7. Take 100ml from the liquid between the
bottom and top layers of the
fermentation and add to the 1 liter milk
pack
8. Return the cover of the pack and seal
with masking tape
9. Put markings
10. Ferment for 5 days
11. Filter and measure the collected liquid
and add equivalent amount of molasses
12. Keep in a plastic container. Ready to
use
 LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SERUM – LABS
(LAB ENZYMES)

USAGE
 Plants – immune system of plants.
 Animals – improve immune system of animals. Remove
foul odor. mix with feeds, drinking water

DOSAGE
 2tbsp./L of water
 spray or drench 2x a week
 Total fermentation days: 28 days
 FERMENTED FRUIT JUICE (FFJ)

Materials – (1:1)
• 1 kg Banana fruit;
• 1 kg Papaya;
• 1 kg Squash/pumpkin/watermelo
n
• 3 kg molasses
 FERMENTED FRUIT JUICE – FFJ

Procedure:
1. Clean and wash fruits;
2. Drain for 5 min;
3. Slice to an inch size;
4. Mix all fruits & molasses thoroughly in a plas
tic pail (20 liter capacity)
 FERMENTED FRUIT JUICE –FFJ

Procedure:
5. Put nylon screen on top of the mixture;
6. Put 5-8 pieces 25-50 grams stone on top of the nylo
n screen;
7. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail
8. Cover with manila paper and add label. Ferment for
7 days;
9. Extract the liquid and keep it in a plastic container
 FERMENTED FRUIT JUICE – FFJ

USAGE
• Plants – Potassium fertilizer
• Animals – Taste enhancer. mix with drinkin
g water

DOSAGE
• 2tbsp./L of water
• spray or drench 2x a week
• Total fermentation days: 14 days
 FERMENTED FRUIT JUICE – FFJ
Reminders:
 Fruits intended for processing should be collected earl
y in the morning before sunrise. Nutrients are still inta
ct.
 Avoid using diseased and bruised fruit.
 No need to wash if the materials are sourced from our
own farm.
 Select ripe fruit or vegetable in season.
 Make sure to open the container daily within 7-10 day
s to prevent gas accumulation
 Preferable time of production at night time to avoid fli
es
FERMENTED PLANT JUICE (FP
J)
Materials - (1:2)
• 1 kg Kangkong
• 1 kg Kamote tops/leguminous pla
nts
• 1 kg Banana stalks
• 1.5 kg molasses
FERMENTED PLANT JUICE – F
PJ
Procedure:
1. Clean and wash plants;
2. Drain for 5 min;
3. Slice to an inch size;
4. Mix all plants and molasses thoroughly in a plas
tic pail (20 liter capacity )
 FERMENTED PLANT JUICE – F
PJ
Procedure:
5. Put nylon screen on top of the mixture;
6. Put 5-8 pieces 25-50 grams stone on top of the
nylon screen;
7. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail
8. Cover with manila paper and add label. Ferment
for 7 days;
9. Extract the liquid and keep it in a plastic contain
er
FERMENTED PLANT JUICE
– FPJ

USAGE
• Plants – Natural growth enhancer (hormone giberrelin) Nitroge
n fertilizer if legumes are available.
• Maintains vigor and resistance against pest
• Animals - Natural growth enhancer . mix with drinking water
• Spray on livestock beddings (pens & poultry houses) to produce
more colonies of beneficial microorganisms

DOSAGE
• 2 Tbsp/liter of water
• spray or drench 1 to 2 times a week
• Total fermentation days: 14 days
 Fermented Plant Juice
• Spray on the leaves of plants or on the soil using a clean s
prayer.
• Spray early in the morning at 4:00 am – 6:00 am or in the
afternoon at 5:00 pm until sunset when the microorganis
m are very active.
• Spray first the plants with water before applying FPJ to av
oid leaf burns.
• On rice: 7 days After transplanting up to booting stage
• On vegetables: every 10 days after transplanting until bef
ore harvest time
 FISH AMINO ACID (FAA)
Materials – (1:1)
• 1 kg fresh fish, fish scraps, gills, innerts,
golden apple snails (shell removed) alwa
ys consider using saltwater fishes.
• 1 kg molasses

 
 FISH AMINO ACID – FAA
Procedure:
1. Clean and wash fish;
2. Drain for 5 min;
3. Slice to an inch size;
4. Mix all parts thoroughly in plastic pail (20 liter capacity)
cover with manila paper and tie with rubber band
 FISH AMINO ACID – FAA
(PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT)

Procedure:
5. Put plastic/nylon screen on top of the
mixture;
6. Put 5-8 pieces 25-50 grams stone on to
p of the nylon screen;
7. Wipe the mouth of the plastic pail;
8. Cover with manila paper and add label.
Ferment for 30 - 60 days;
9. Extract the liquid and keep it in a plasti
c container
FISH AMINO ACID – FAA
USAGE
• Plants – Nitrogen fertilizer.
• Animals – Protein supplement . mix with drinking
water

DOSAGE
• 2tbsp./L of water
• spray or drench 2x a week
• Total fermentation days: 22 days
ORIENTAL HERB NUTRIENT- OHN1 & 2

Materials :
OHN 1
• 1kg garlic
• 1kg ginger
• 400 g muscovado sugar
• 2.4 L of coco vinegar

OHN2
• 200 g chili
• 100 g makabuhay
ORIENTAL HERB NURIENT- OHN
1&2

Procedure : (OHN1)
1. Peel the garlic and ginger
2. Cut the garlic into halves and slice the ging
er into quarter of an inch
3. Mix garlic and ginger with muscovado suga
r/molasses in a pail
4. Wipe the mouth of pail and seal the it tightl
y. Put markings or label when it was made
to know if it is ready to extract.
Procedure: (OHN1)
5. After 3 days, mix the vinegar and wipe the mouth o
f the pail and seal it tightly.
6. Ferment for 10 days. (1st extraction)
7. Filter the liquid in a plastic container, seal and put m
arkings.
8. Ready to use for animals

Procedure: (OHN2)
9. Put 2.4L of vinegar, 200g chili and 100g makabuha
y
10. Ferment for 10 days (2nd extraction)
11. Filter the liquid in a plastic container, seal and put
markings.
12. Put 2.4L of vinegar, 200g chili and 100g makabuh
ay for (3rd extraction.)
13. Filter the liquid in a plastic container, seal and put
markings.
ORIENTAL HERB NU
TRIENT- OHN1 & 2
USAGE
Plants – Pest repellant.
Animals – Immune booster. mix with drinking
water and feeds

DOSAGE
2tbsp./L of water
spray or drench 3x a week
Total fermentation days: 13 days (OHN1) 23
days (OHN2)
ORIENTAL HERB NUTRIENT- OHN1 & 2
Application
• Twice weekly upon indications of insect pest and aphids
• Natural Antibiotic for plants and animals. Garlic has high level
of sulphur which is a good fungicide
• Used on chicks, chicken and sick animals

Benefits
 Serve as fungicide and insecticide at the same time
 CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
(CALPHOS)

Materials – (1:9)
• 1kgs. Bones (ruminants)/ shells
(chicken, ducks, ostrich, sea shells)
• 9L of coco vinegar

 
 CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
Procedure:
1. Clean and wash bones/shell properly
then grill it
2. Wait until the remaining fats are drai
ned
3. Remove the bones/shell when it bec
omes brownish in color (not over co
oked)
4. Cool down and wash again
5. Drain excess water
 CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
Procedure:
6. Put the bones/shell inside plastic pail
7. Add 9 liters of coco vinegar
8. Wipe the mouth of the pail then cover it with manila paper and ti
e with rubber bands
9. Ferment for 30 days
10. Filter and put it in another plastic container. Loosen cap for 1 wee
k
11. Ready to use
 CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
USAGE
 Plants – Calcium and phosphorous source
 Animals – Calcium source for bones. mix with drinking
water

DOSAGE
 2tbsp./L of water
 spray or drench 2x a week
 Total fermentation days: 37 days
THANK YOU =)