Citation Using the APA

apa 7th Edition (2020)

Use the latest APA version when citing

the works of other authors and
researchers.
As of to date, we have the 7th APA
version
OPENING an article with a bibliographical list
that begins with the author’s name

Not good opening..

Aquino (2015) said...
Roxas (2016) stated..
Perez (2017) wrote...
Mendoza (2018) asserted...
OPENING an article with a bibliographical list
that begins with the author’s name

Better article openings..

One early work by (Castro, 2017) said...
Another study on the topic by (Torres, 2017) maintains that...
The latest study by (Gomez, 2018) reveals that..
A research study shown by (Rivera, 2017) explains that..
 Transitional Devices

also, additionally, again, similarly,

a similar opinion, however,
conversely, on the other hand,
nevertheless, a contrasting opinion,
a different approach, etc.
 Active verbs

analyze, argues, assess, assert, assume, claim,

compare, contrast, conclude, criticize, debate,
defend, define, demonstrate, discuss,
distinguish, differentiate, evaluate, examine,
emphasize, ex[pand, explain, exhibit, identify,
illustrate, imply, indicate, judge, justify,
narrate, outline, persuade, purpose, question,
relate to , report, review, suggest, summarize
Standard Styles in Related
Literature Citations or
References
 One cardinal principle in research is:

Acknowledging or recognizing the

owners of any form of knowledge
you intend to include in your
research paper
Three terms used to express your appreciation for or recognition of
people’s ownership of borrowed ideas (Sharp 2012)

1. Acknowldgment
2. References or Bibliography
3. Citation or In-text Citation
Three terms used to express your appreciation for or recognition of
people’s ownership of borrowed ideas (Sharp 2012)

1. Acknowldgment - the beginning portion of the work

that identifies individuals who have contributed
something for the production of the paper.
2. References or Bibliography - a complete list of all
reading materals, including books, journas, periodials,
etc. from where the borrowed idea came from
3. Citation or In-text Citation - references within the
main body of the text, specifically in Review of
Related Literature
 Purposes of Citation

1. To give importance and respect to other people for what they

know about the field
2. To give authority, validity, and credibility to other people’s
claims, conclusions and arguments
3. To prove your broad and extensive reading of authentic and
relevant materials about the topic
4. To help readesr find or contact the sources of ideas easily
5. To permit readers to check the accuracy of your work
6. To save yourelf from plagiarism
 Styles of Citation

1. Integral Citation
one way of citing or referring to the author whose ideas appear in
your work
you do this by using active verbs like claim, asert, state, etc to report
the author’s idaes
using these types of verbs somehow expresses the author’s mental
position, attitude, stand, or opinion in relation to the information
referred to
 Examples of Integral Citation

APA MLA
One study by Manalo (2015)
reveals... One study by (Manalo 70)
The latest work by (Lee, 2015) The latest work by (Lee 123)
asserts... According to (Abad et al.: 54)
According to Abad et al. (2015)
context is ....
 Styles of Citation

1. Non-integral Citation
the stress is given to the piece of information rather than to the owner of
the ideas
Examples:
a) The Code of Ethics for Intercultural Competence give four ways by which
people from different cultural background can harmoniously relate
themselves with one another. (De la Cruz, 2015)
b) The other components of Intercultural Competence which are also present
in SFG are : context (Harold, 2015), appropriateness (Villar, Marcos,
Atienza, 2016; Santos, and Daez, 2016), and emotions (Flores, 2016).
 Patterns of Citation

1. Summary
2. Paraphrase
3. Short Direct Quotation
4. Long Direct Quotation or Block
Quotation, or Extract
 Patterns of Citation

1. Summary
- is a shortened version of the original text
that is expresses in your own language
2. Paraphrase
- you explain what the text means to you
using your own words
 Patterns of Citation

3. Short Direct Quotation

- only a part of the author’s sentence, the whole
sentence, or several sentences, not exceeding 40
words, is what you can quote or repeat in writing
through this citation pattern
Example:
Contexts is influenced by these four factors: “language,
culture, institutions, and ideologies.” (Aranda, 2015, p.8)
 Patterns of Citation

4.Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or

Extract
- this citation makeyou copy the author’s exact
words numbering from 40 uo to 100 words
- under APA, the limit is eight lines
- placed at the center of the page with no
indentation, the copied lines look like they
compose a stanza of a poem
 Patterns of Citation

4.Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract

Example:
The latest study by (Hizon, 2015) reveals the social nature of language.
Stressing his nature of language, he says:
Language features result from the way people use language to meet their social
needs. In their interactions, they use language to describe, compare, agree,
explain, disagree, and so on. Each language function requires a certain set of
language features like nouns for naming, adjectives for comparing, verbs for
agreeing, prepositions for directing,a nd conjuntions for connecting ideas.
(p.38)
 Two basic methods of referencing, pointing to, or
identifying the exact author referred to by your paper

APA (American Psychological Association)

(Ramos, 2015) or Ramos (2016)
(Manalo, 2015) or Manalo (2016)

MLA (Modern Language Association)

(Bautista 183), Flores et.al. 150 - 158)
(Acosta, Hizon, Lopez 235-240)
(Velarde 4: 38-403) - for periodicals
 Patterns of Citation

5. Tense of verbs for reporting

Active verbs are effective words to use in reporting authors’ idea.
Present ideas in any of these tenses: present, simple past, or
present perfect tense. The APA system, however, prefers the use
of present perfect tense
Example:
Present tense - Marcos explains...
Past tense - Marcos explained....
Present Perfect tense - Marcos has explained...
 Plagiarism

- is an act of quoting or copying the exact words of the writer

and pasing the quoted words off as your own words
- using the word of the original text in expressing your
undrestanding of the reading material
- the right way to avoid it is to express the borrowed ideas in
your own words
(Ransome 2013)
 Citation Using the APA Latest Edition
The 7th Edition is the latest version of the APA Publication Manual, which was released
last October 2019

General APA Guidelines:

The research should be typed and double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5"
x 11"), with 1" margins on all sides. Include a page header (also known as the “running
head”) at the top of every page. For a professional paper, this includes your paper title
and the page number. For a student paper, this only includes the page number. To
create a page header/running head, insert page numbers flush right. Then type "TITLE
OF YOUR PAPER" in the header flush left using all capital letters. The running head is a
shortened version of your paper's title and cannot exceed 50 characters including
spacing and punctuation.
 Citation Using the APA Latest Edition
The 7th Edition is the latest version of the APA Publication Manual, which
was released last October 2019

General APA Guidelines:

Regarding the font style and size, the APA Publication Manual requires that the
chosen font be accessible, legible, and readable to all readers and that it be used
consistently throughout the paper. Typically, it is safe to use the ARIAL Font Style
and
font size 12. You may also use 12-point Calibri, and 12-point Times New Roman.

(You may ask your teacher what specific font style and size you will use in your
research.)
apa 7th Edition (2020): The most notable
changes

In October 2019, the American

Psychological Association (APA)
introduced the 7th edition of the APA
Publication Manual, which replaces the
6th edition published in 2009.
apa 7th Edition (2020): The most notable
changes

https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-seventh-edition-
changes/

https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-style/
 References and in-text citations in APA Style

1. The publisher location is no longer included in the reference.

Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people:
Powerful lessons in personal change. New York, NY: Simon
& Schuster.
Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective
people: Powerful lessons in personal change. Simon &
Schuster.
 References and in-text citations in APA Style

2.The in-text citation for works with three or

more authors is now shortened right from the
first citation. You only include the first author’s
name and “et al.”.

(Taylor, Kotler, Johnson, & Parker, 2018)

(Taylor et al., 2018)
 References and in-text citations in APA Style

3.Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of

7) should be provided in the reference entry.
Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S.,
Turner,
S. T., . . . Lee, L. H. (2018).

Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner,
S. T., Lewis, F., Nelson, T. P., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L.,
Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E.,
Green,
G., . . . Lee, L. H. (2018).