Prof.Dr. I.

Dudani
Department of Community Medicine
 PERT/CPM
 Systems analysis
 PPBS
 Input-Output analysis
 Cost-benefit analysis
 Cost-effective analysis
 Decision making
 Cost accounting
 Model
 Work sampling
 Organizational design
 Personnel management
 Communication
 Information systems
 Management by objectives (MBO)
 Operational research
1. Scientific and Technical revolution
2. Accelerative thrust in human affairs
3. New scale of problems
4. Shift in Public Philosophies
5. Development of Social Sciences
6. Public demand increasing as they are providers of resources
7. Economic basis of health care is changing- insurance basis
8. More involvement of Government
9. Single Pt: Doctor relationship is being replaced
by team approach
NETWORK ANALYSIS
(PERT/CPM)
Event:
Is specific accomplishment (physical or
intellectual) at a given point of time.

Characteristics:
a. Does not consume resources
b. Is particular instant in time not
passage of time
c. Expresses a state of being eg. Project
approved, system tested etc
Activity:
Is well defined amount of work

Characteristics:
a. Lies between 2 events

b. Consumes time and resources

c. Indicates work such as laying pipes etc.

1.Analyze and breakdown the project in term
of:
a. Activities
b. Events 0
2. Determine the sequence of activities to
produce network
3. Assign estimated of time, cost or both to
all activities of network
4. Identify the “Critical Path” through
4. the network
Example: Completion of building to
start dispensary within 16 days in a
disaster area.

Step 1 and Step 2:

Determine activities in sequence

Step 3:
Assign time estimates (days)
0- Start
1- Building framework
2- Electric wiring installed
3- Plumbing installed
4- Cement floor ready
5- Brick wall completed
6- Inside walls plastered
7- Roof installed
8- Drug list authorized
9- Drugs ordered
10- drugs received
11- Personnel authorized
12- Personnel recruited
13- Personnel trained
14- Finish
----------------- 4 days
------------------ 2
------------------ 3
------------------ 2
----------------- 6
----------------- 10
------------------ 2
------------------ 4
------------------ 1
------------------ 7
------------------ 2
------------------- 3
------------------- 5
----------------- 2
 TE=5, TE=12,
TL=7 S=2 TL=14
1 9 7
10 S=2
8
2
4 3 4 2
3 2 2
2 2
6 5 2
4
0 1 10 6 2 14
2 2
7
2 2

11 3 5
13
12
1. Time is required for an activity
2. Forms basis of analysis to know
accuracy of the program.
Earliest Expected Time: TE
Latest Allowable Time: TL
Slack = TL- TE
” 0 = There is time to spare
” 1 = Ahead of time
” - = Behind Schedule
1. No event can occur until every activity
proceeding it has been completed
2. An activity succeeding event can not be
started until has occurred
3. An event can not occur twice
4. Each activity must terminate in an event
5. Time flows from left to right
6. Time estimates must be determined
1. Used for programms of one time nature.
2. Useful for projects having definite time.
3. Useful for non-repetitive programmes.
4. Useful for objectives oriented programs.
5. Can not take decisions- it is a tool to
help allocation of resources