HYGIENE AND

SANITATION

Why do it?
Concept of Hygiene
● Hygiene refers to the set of practices perceived by a community to be associated
with the preservation of health and healthy living.
● A preventive measure to reduce the incidence and spread of disease.
● In the manufacture of food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other products, good
hygiene is a key part of quality assurance.
● Hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing
organisms.
Home and Everyday Life Hygiene

Home hygiene pertains to the hygiene practice that prevent or minimize disease
and the spread of disease at home (domestic) and in everyday life settings such as
social settings, public transportation, the work place, public places and etc.
Home and Everyday Life Hygiene

Procedures used in a variety of domestic situations.

1. Hand Hygiene
2. Respiratory Hygiene
3. Food and Water Hygiene
4. General Home Hygiene
5. Care of Domestic Animals
6. Home HEalthcare
Home and Everyday Life Hygiene

Main sources of infection at home:

1. People
2. Food and Water
3. Domestic Animals
4. Sites that accumulate stagnant water
Home and Everyday Life Hygiene

Hygienic cleaning can be done by:

1. Mechanical removal (i.e. cleaning) using soap or detergent. To be
effective as a hygiene measure, this process must be followed by rinsing
under running water to remove germs from the surface.
Home and Everyday Life Hygiene

Hygienic cleaning can be done by:

1. Using a process or product that inactivates the pathogens in situ. Germ
kill is achieved using a “micro-biocidal” product i.e. a disinfectant or
antibacterial product or waterless hand sanitizer, or by application of
heat.
Home and Everyday Life Hygiene

Hygienic cleaning can be done by:

1. In some cases combined germ removal with kill is used, e.g. laundering
of clothing and household linens such as towels and bed linens.
HAND HYGIENE

If access to water and soap is impossible, waterless hand sanitizers with

60%v/v alcohol is the best option.
RESPIRATORY HYGIENE

● Carry tissues and use them to catch cough and sneezes.

● Dispose of tissue as soon as possible.
● Clean your hands by hand washing or using an alcohol hand sanitizer.
FOOD HYGIENE AT HOME

● Prevent contaminating food with pathogens spreading from people, pets,

and pests.
● Separate raw and cooked food to prevent contaminating the cooked foods.
● Cook foods for the appropriate length of time and at the appropriate
temperature to kill pathogens.
● Store food at the proper temperature.
● Use safe water and raw materials.
HOUSEHOLD WATER TREATMENT AND SAFE STORAGE

● Chemical disinfection using chlorine or iodine

● Boiling
● Filtration using ceramic filters
● Solar disinfection
● UV irradiation
● Combined flocculation/disinfection system
● Multi Barrier methods
HYGIENE IN THE KITCHEN, BATHROOM AND TOILET

● Routine cleaning of contact sites and surfaces in the kitchen, bathroom

and toilet reduces risk.
● Maintained cleaning of toilet.
● Letting the shower run for a few minutes before going under it.
● Watch out for molds on floor and wall tiles as well as shower curtains.
BODY HYGIENE

Practices performed by an individual to care for one’s bodily health and well-
being through cleanliness.
● Seeing a doctor
● Seeing a dentist
● Regular washing/bathing
● Healthy eating
HOME HYGIENE IN LOW INCOME COMMUNITIES

Developing countries around the world have been suffering from poor
hygiene especially due to lack of clean water supply not just for drinking but
for cleaning and sanitation. Diarrheal diseases kill over 2 million people
every year, most of them are children less than 5 years of age.
SANITATION

Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of

human contact with the hazards of wastes.
Hazards can be physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of
disease.
Wastes that can cause health problems are human and animal feces, solid
wastes, domestic wastewater, industrial waste and agricultural wastes.
SANITATION

WHO states that:

Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe
disposal of human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of
disease world-wide and improving sanitation in known to have significant
beneficial impact on health both in households and across communities. The
word sanitation also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through
services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal.
SANITATION

The term “sanitation” can be applied to a specific aspect, concept, location or

strategy, such as:
● Basic Sanitation
● On-site Sanitation
● Food Sanitation
● Environmental Sanitation
● Ecological Sanitation