WELD ACCESSIBILTY

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 WHAT IS WELD ACCESS?

To perform a weld on field or at shop, sufficient room

has to be provided for the welding elements like
electrode. This is ensured by weld access.

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 CLEARANCES IN A WELD

As illustrated in the above figures, the weld clearance must be provided while
performing a weld on the beam web. The minimum clearance must be at least half
the flange width (y/2) and the preferred position of the electrode is 30 deg. with the
vertical side of the fillet weld being made.

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 EXCESSIVE WELD
Excessive welding will increase the amount of heat input into the parts joined and
thereby add to distortion in the joint and the same is causes fundamental
dimensional changes that occur during and after welding.

Dimensional changes occur in the form of Transverse (perpendicular),

Longitudinal (parallel) and Angular (rotation around)shrinkages with respect to
the weld line.

In order to bring back the dimensions within fabrication tolerances, additional

heating and the repair work is needed.

This added work will result in expensive repair costs which could have been
avoided with appropriately sized welds.

Over-specification of weld size also increases the cost of welding for no structural
benefit.

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MINIMUM SHELF DIMENSIONS FOR FILLET
WELDS

The recommended minimum shelf

dimensions for normal size SMAW fillet
welds are summarized in Fig.

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MINIMUM SHELF DIMENSIONS FOR FILLET
WELDS

SAW fillet welds would require a greater shelf

dimension to contain the flux, although auxiliary
material can be clamped to the member to provide
for this. The dimension b illustrated in Fig. must be
sufficient to accommodate the combined
dimensional variations of the angle length, cope
depth, beam depth and weld size.

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BEAM COPES AND WELD ACCESS
HOLES

 Weld access holes, as illustrated in Figure are used to

permit down-hand welding to the beam bottom
flange, as well as the placement of a continuous
backing bar under the beam top flange.
 Weld access holes also help to mitigate the effects of
weld shrinkage strains and prevent the intersection
or close juncture of welds in orthogonal directions.
 Weld access holes should not be filled with weld metal
because doing so may result in a state of tri-axial
stress under loading.

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 CORNER CLIPS
To avoid lack of fusion (during weld) we place clips at
the corner.

BACKING BAR
Backing bars on groove welded joints must be
continuous or fully spliced to avoid stress concentrations
and discontinuities and should be thoroughly fused with
the weld metal.

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SPACER BAR

As shown in the fig. a bar is placed in

between two plates. This bar is made
of the same material specifications as
base metal to ensure homogenous
welding. This bar is termed as Spacer
bar.

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WELD TABS
 To obtain a fully welded cross
section, the termination at either
end of the joint must be of sound
weld metal.
 Generally a backing bar can be
extended to serve as the weld
tab.

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 TACK WELD

 Tack welds placed as shown in Figure (a) should be avoided as they

may cause notches.
 An improved detail is as shown in Figure(b), with the tack welds
placed where they will be consumed in the final welded joint.

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THANK YOU

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