Bangladesh University of Professionals

Department of Information & Communication Technology

ICT 4107: Microwave Engineering (3.0 Cr)

Course Teacher

Dr. Mohammad Junaebur Rashid (JR)

Associate Professor
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
University of Dhaka

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About myself….. Mohammad Junaebur Rashid, PhD
(CNRS-CRHEA, University of Nice SA, France)
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
University of Dhaka.
Email: m.junaebur.rashid@du.ac.bd, mjrashid@du.ac.bd
Phone: 01911701485

Specialization: Material Science, Semiconductor devices,

Optoelectronics, Nanophotonics
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Syllabus
Frequency spectrum, VHF, UHF and microwave frequency ranges, microwave, advantages and
applications, Overview of Maxwell’s and Helmholtz Equations, Plane wave and its solution, Poynting’s
theorem, Plane wave reflection for normal and oblique incidence. Transmission Line: Voltage and
current in ideal transmission lines, reflection, transmission, standing wave, impedance transformation,
Smith Chart: impedance matching and lossy transmission lines.
Waveguides: General formulation, modes of propagation and losses in parallel plate, rectangular and
circular waveguides. Strip-line, Micro strips, Resonators: structures and characteristics. Rectangular
Resonant Cavities: Energy storage, losses, Q. Microwave circuit and devices: microwave tubes, transmit
time and velocity modulation, Klystron, Multi-cavity Klystron, Oscillator, Magnetron. Radiation: Small
current element, radiation resistance, Radiation pattern and properties, Hertzian and halfwave Dipoles,
Beam solid angle, radiation intensity, directivity, effective aperture. Network Analysis: Scattering
Matrices and Multiport Analysis Techniques.

Recommended Book(s):
• Microwave Devices and Circuits by Samuel Y. Liao
• Foundations for Microwave Engineering, Robert E. Collin,
• Field Theory of Guided Waves by Robert E. Collin
• Antennas and Wave Propagation by John D Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka and Ahmad S khan
• Engineering Electromagnetics (Sixth Edition) by William H. Hayt
• Microwave & RADAR Engineering by A. K. Gautam 3
 Lecture 01 ICT 4107: ME

Learning Objectives:

The objectives of this course are to:

• Give an introduction about the frequency spectrum space and microwave
communication
• Understand the electric and magnetic wave equations (Maxwell’s equation)
• Develop knowledge on microwave transmission line and microwave waveguides
• Know the principles microwave generation and microwave communication system
• Understand the basics of radiation pattern, its properties and other important parameters

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How this course will be conducted…

 Lecture Materials: Recommended
 Class Lectures: 28 (Max.)
 Thesis/Presentation/Viva-voce: books and Slides
 Your Attendance is Must
We will discuss …..
 Exam System
Remarks Distribution
→ 4 Class tests
Final Exam 50%
→ Midterm Midterm 20%
→ Final exam Class Test 10%
→ Term paper Assignments/Term Paper 10%
→ Assignments Attendance 10%

 Try to develop your level of knowledge……

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Grading

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Lecture Plan

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Lecture Plan

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Lecture Plan

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Lecture Plan

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Lecture Plan

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Lecture Plan

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Microwave Frequencies
• The term microwave frequencies is generally used for those wavelengths measured in
centimeters, roughly from 30 cm to 1 mm (1 to 300 GHz). However, microwave really
indicates the wavelengths in the micron ranges.
• This means microwave frequencies are up to infrared and visible-light regions. In this
revision, microwave frequencies refer to those from 1 GHz up to 106 GHz.

• In August 1969 the United States

Department of Defense, Office of
Joint Chiefs of Staff, by message to all
services, directed the use of a new
frequency band breakdown as shown
in Table 0-1.

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Microwave Frequencies
• On May 24, 1970, the Department of Defense adopted another band designation for
microwave frequencies as listed in Table 0-2.

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Microwave Frequencies
• The Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
recommended new microwave
band designations as shown in
Table 0-3 for comparison.

• Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one
meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between 300 MHz (100 cm) and 300 GHz (0.1
cm).
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Microwave Frequencies

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Microwave Frequencies: Advantages

• Large Bandwidth: The Bandwidth of Microwaves is larger than the common low
frequency radio waves. Thus more information can be transmitted using Microwaves. It is
very good advantage, because of this, Microwaves are used for Point to Point
Communications.
• Better Directivity: At Microwave Frequencies, there are better directive properties. This is
due to the relation that as Frequency Increases, Wavelength decreases and as Wavelength
decreases Directivity Increases and Beam width decreases. So it is easier to design and
fabricate high gain antenna in Microwaves.

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 Lecture 01 ICT 4107: ME

Microwave Frequencies: Advantages

• Small Size Antenna: Microwaves allows to decrease the size of antenna. The antenna
size can be smaller as the size of antenna is inversely proportional to the transmitted
frequency. Thus in Microwaves, we have waves of much higher frequencies and hence the
higher the frequency, the smaller the size of antenna.
• Low Power Consumption: The power required to transmit a high frequency signal is
lesser than the power required in transmission of low frequency signals. As Microwaves
have high frequency thus requires very less  power.
• Effect of Fading: The effect of fading is minimized by using Line of Sight propagation
technique at Microwave Frequencies. While at low frequency signals, the layers around the
earth causes fading of the signal.

[What is Fading?
The term fading means rapid fluctuations of the amplitudes, phases, or multipath delays
of a radio signal over a short period or short travel distance.]
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Microwave Frequencies: Applications

There are many Industrial, Scientific, Medical and Domestic Applications of Microwaves.
The great example of Application of Microwaves is 'Microwave Oven' which we uses in our
daily life. Following are the other main application areas of Microwaves:
Communication: Microwave is used in broadcasting and telecommunication transmissions.
The shorter wavelengths allows to use for smaller antennas. The cellular networks like
GSM, also uses Microwave frequencies of range 1.8 to 1.9 GHz for communication.
Microwaves are also used for transmitting and receiving a signal from earth to satellite and
from satellite to earth. Military or Army also makes use of Microwaves in their
communication system. They uses X or Ku band for their communication.
Remote Sensing: The most common application of Microwave is its use in RADAR and
SONAR. RADAR is used to illuminate an object by using a transmitter and receiver to
detect its position and velocity. Radiometry  is also one of the Remote Sensing Applications.
[Microwave Radiometry is based on measuring the intensity of natural electromagnetic
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Microwave Frequencies: Applications

Heating: We uses Microwave Oven to bake and cook food. It is very convenient electronic
machine which performs the heating task very cleanly and in a very less time. If you Want
to know How Does a Microwave Works? then you may wonder that is based on the
vibration of electrons present in the Food Particles. That is why Microwave Oven heats the
food uniformly without heating the container.
Medical Science: Microwave's heating properties are also used in Medical Science.
Microwave also have Medical Applications such as it is used in diagnosis and various
therapies. There are also some other applications of heating property of microwave such as
Drying, Precooking and Moisture Leveling.

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Microwave Frequencies: Applications

• The RF spectrum for wireless communications pertaining to IEEE 802.11 compliant
devices operate on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands

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Students ….. should have ..

Knowledge
Technical Skill
Paper / Publication !?

Student…..The Source of Power !!

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