NASAL INSTILLATION

AND IRRIGATION
Introduction
• Nasal instillations (nose drops and sprays) usually are instilled for their astringent
effect (to shrink swollen mucous membranes), to loosen secretions and facilitate
drainage, or to treat infections of the nasal cavity or sinuses. Nasal decongestants
are the most common nasal instillations. Many of these products are available
without a prescription. Clients need to be taught to use these agents with caution.
Chronic use of nasal decongestants may lead to a rebound effect, that is, an
increase in nasal congestion. If excess decongestant solution is swallowed, serious
systemic effects may also develop, especially in children. Saline drops are safer as
a decongestant for children
Cont…
• Nasal drops may be used to treat sinus infections. Clients need to learn ways to
position themselves to effectively treat the affected sinus:
• • To treat the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, instruct the client to lie back with the
head over the edge of the bed or a pillow under the shoulders so that the head is
tipped backward
• • To treat the maxillary and frontal sinuses, instruct the client to assume the same
back-lying position, with the head turned toward the side to be treated . The client
should also be instructed to (a) breathe through the mouth to prevent aspiration
of medication into the trachea and bronchi, (b) remain in a backlying position for
at least 1 minute so that the solution will come into contact with the entire nasal
surface, and (c) avoid blowing the nose for several minutes.