Recycling

of Paper
Presented by:-Bhadra,Siddhi
What is Recycling of Paper?
• The recycling of paper is the process by which waste paper is turned into new
paper products. It has a number of important benefits: It saves waste paper from
occupying homes of people and producing methane as it breaks down. Because
paper fibre contains carbon (originally absorbed by the tree from which it was
produced), recycling keeps the carbon locked up for longer and out of the
atmosphere.  
• Papermaking and producing paper from recycled materials came to the United
States simultaneously in 1690. William Rittenhouse learned to make paper in
Germany and founded America's first paper mill on Monotone Creek near
Germantown, which is now Philadelphia. Rittenhouse made his paper from
discarded rags of cotton and linen. It wasn't until the 1800s that people in the
United States started making paper from trees and wood fibre.
What are the categories?
• There are three categories of paper that can be used as feedstock's for
making recycled paper: mill broke, pre-consumer waste, and post-consumer waste.
Mill broke is paper trimmings and other paper scrap from the manufacture of
paper, and is recycled in a paper mill. Pre-consumer waste is a material which left
the paper mill but was discarded before it was ready for consumer use. Post-
consumer waste is material discarded after consumer use, such as old corrugated
containers (OCC), old magazines, and newspapers. Paper suitable for recycling is
called "scrap paper", often used to produce moulded pulp packaging. The industrial
process of removing printing ink from paper fibres of recycled paper to
make deinked pulp is called deinking, an invention of the German jurist Justus
Claproth.
The Process Of Recycling Paper
STEPS:-
1. Paper is collected from different garbage bins and is accumulated
in a large garbage container.
2. Then the paper is taken to the recycling plant where the paper is
segregated into different grades.
3. Papers in different grades are then washed with soap and water to
remove ink, staples, and glue. It is then mixed with water to
create a slurry.
4. On adding some specific materials and chemicals to the slurry,
different paper products such as cardboard, office paper, etc. can
be obtained.
5. The slurry is then rolled into thin sheets using large rollers.
6. Then the paper is exposed to heat for drying up and after that, it
is cut into pieces and is made ready to use again.
Energy
• Energy consumption is reduced by recycling, although there is debate concerning
the actual energy savings realized. The Energy Information Administration claims
a 40% reduction in energy when paper is recycled versus paper made with
unrecycled pulp while the Bureau of International Recycling (BIR) claims a 64%
reduction. Some calculations show that recycling one ton of newspaper saves about
4,000 kWh (14 GJ) of electricity, although this may be too high (see comments
below on unrecycled pulp). This is enough electricity to power a 3-bedroom
European house for an entire year, or enough energy to heat and air-condition the
average North American home for almost six months.
Limitations and impacts
• Along with fibres, paper can contain a variety of inorganic and organic
constituents, including up to 10,000 different chemicals, which can potentially
contaminate the newly manufactured paper products. As an example, biphenyl A (a
chemical commonly found in thermal paper) has been verified as a contaminant in
a variety of paper products resulting from paper recycling. Furthermore, groups of
chemicals as phthalates, phenols, mineral oils, polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) and toxic metals have all been identified in paper material. Although
several measures might reduce the chemical load in paper recycling (e.g., improved
decontamination, optimized collection of paper for recycling), even completely
terminating the use of a particular chemical (phase-out) might still result in its
circulation in the paper cycle for decades.
Recycling Facts and Figures
• In the mid-19th century, there was an increased demand for books and writing material. Up to that time, paper
manufacturers had used discarded linen rags for paper.
• Internationally, about half of all recovered paper comes from converting losses. Approximately one third
comes from household or post-consumer waste.
• Some statistics on paper consumption:
• 1996: it was estimated that 95% of business information is still stored on paper.
• 2006: recycling 1 short ton of paper saves 17 mature trees, 7 thousand US gallons of water, 3 cubic yards of
landfill space, 2 barrels of oil and 4,100 kilowatt-hours of electricity – enough energy to power the average
American home for six months.
• 1993: although paper is traditionally identified with reading and writing, communications has now been
replaced by packaging as the single largest category of paper use at 41% of all paper used.
• 1997: on that year, 299,044 metric tons of paper was produced (including paperboard).
• 1999: on that year, in the United States, the average consumption of paper per person was approximately 354
kilograms. This would be the same consumption for 6 people in Asia or 30 people in Africa.
 How to recycle Paper at home?
• We can make paper at home Materials:
from these steps: •Waste paper (almost
• Tear the paper into small pieces and put into a anything will work —
blender with warm water. Blend until the mixture just avoid glossy paper
becomes a fairly smooth pulp. like magazines)
• Assemble your “mold”; attach your screen to your
frame using duck tape, staples, or any other method
•Water
that will keep the screen affixed to the frame’s edges. •A blender or food
• Pour the pulp into your bin or pan, then sink the mold processor
into the water mixture. Pull the mold up, and pulp •An old picture frame
should cover the screen. At this point, you can add
decorations. You can even add seeds to make •Mesh or screen (can be
plantable paper. Be sure to add a little more pulp to found at a craft store)
cover the decorations so they adhere to the paper. •Felt, cloth or sponge
• Use a cloth or sponge to press out excess water. Now
you need to let the paper dry. You can let it dry on the
•A rectangular bin to
screen, you can flip the mold over and let your paper hold water (a 13” x 9”
dry on another surface, or you can press a cloth into pan would also work)
the mold so the paper adheres to it and can dry on the •Decorations like dried
cloth. Any of these options should work. Just be sure
to let your paper dry for a day or so. flowers, confetti or
Recycled paper I made at home
• I made this out of newspaper and papers from my old notebooks
Thank You!