Burner Arrangement

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Why Pulverized Fuel?
The economic motives for the introduction and development
of pulverized fuel firing are:
i) Efficient utilization of cheaper low grade coals.
ii) Flexibility in firing with ability to meet fluctuating loads.
iii) Elimination of breaking losses.
iv) Better response to automatic control.
v) Ability to use high combustion air temperature; increasing
the overall efficiency of boiler.
vi) High availability.

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Types of Boiler Firing
Direct Firing
Indirect Firing
 Firing System
Direct Firing System
Coal is fed to the mill at controlled quantity.
Hot air (temperature controlled) is permitted to flow through
the mill.
 The air dries the coal and picks up the milled product and
flows through the classifier rejecting higher size particle.
 The fine coal is carried through the coal burner to the
combustion chamber.

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Direct Firing
Indirect Firing
Indirect Firing System:
Mills are operated independent of boiler loading
and pulverized
Coal is stored in the intermediate bunker.
From the bunker it is taken to combustion
chamber with the help of primary air fan.
 Boiler loading is controlled by the amount of
pulverized fuel fed to boiler.
Indirect Firing

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Methods of Fuel Firing

Vertical Firing : A number of rectangular fan shaped nozzles are set across
the width of the furnace in an arch. Pulverised fuel mixture ignites under
the arch and is directed vertically downwards to the bottom of the furnace
where the gases are made to turn upwards to pass through the combustion
chamber this gives a long path to the flame and is particularly suitable for
coals of low volatile content.

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Methods of Fuel Firing
Horizontal Firing: Horizontal firing with the
turbulent type of burner are set up usually in the
front (front wall fired) or rear walls of the furnace.
Burner consists of an inner cone for primary air
and fuel which is given a rotary motion as it passes
through the burner.
Methods of Fuel Firing
Impact Firing : This is the arrangement with the
type of burner used with slag tap furnaces where
the ash is kept in a molten state on the furnace
floor and tapped off as and when necessary.
Methods of Fuel Firing
Corner or tangential Firing: Burners are set at
each corner of the furnace and are directed to
strike the outside of an imaginary circle in the
centre of the furnace.
Tangential Firing System

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Typical Flame

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Arrangement

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Burner Arrangment
Classification: Oil burners
Oil burners are classified according to the method used for
atomization, as follows:
a) Air-atomized burners
b) Steam-atomized burners
c) Mechanically atomized burners
Air atomizing system are not recommended for heavy oil
system as they tend to chill the oil and decrease
atomization quality

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Steam Atomization
This System uses auxiliary steam to assist in the atomization of the
oil. The steam used in this method should be slightly superheated
and free cf moisture. As in the air atomizing system, the steam used
for atomizing as well as heating the fuel as it pass through the tip
and into the furnace. The main advantages of steam atomizing
burners over other are:
a) Simplicity of its design
b) Initial cost of installation is low
c) low pumping pressure
d) low preheating temperature.

Disadvantage is steam used in atomizing process

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Oil Burners
The types of oil used in the oil burners are:
a) Light Diesel Oil
b) Heavyfuel oil
c) Low sulpher heavy stock (LSHS).
Heavy oil guns are used for stabilizing flame at low load
carrying. Warm up oil guns are used for cold boiler
warm up during cold start up and ignitor are used for
start up and oil flame stabilizing.

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Oil Guns
The guns used in this system
have two main components
for atomization. They are:
a) Mixing plate
b) Spray Plate.

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Coal Burners
• Coal burners comprise of coal nozzle, steel tip, seal plate and
tilting link mechanism.
• Housed in coal compartment in all four corners of the furnace
and connected with coal pipes.
•One end (outlet) is rectangular and another end is cylindrical.
•The burner can be tilted on a pivot pin
•. The nozzle tip has separate coal and air passages.
• Coal and air passages is divided into sevaral parts

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 Oil gun

Coal
burner

Second
ary air

Second
ary air
Low NOx Burners

A common retrofit in fossil fueled power stations is

the replacement of original burners with Low NOx
burners. Careful consideration of fluid dynamics and
flame thermodynamics has enabled substantial
reduction in flame temperature, leading to reduced
formation of Nitrous Oxides
Burner tilt
Tilting burners are provided in corner or tangential
fired boilers. The burners can be tilted up or down in
unison in all the four corners to move the fire ball
inside the furnace either upward or downward to
change the furnace absorption.
Burner tilt
. When RH temperature is lower than the rated value,
burners are tilted up to reduce the furnace absorption
and increase the furnace outlet temperature. As more
heat is now available for RH pick up, RH temperature
can be maintained. When RH temperature is more
than the rated value, the burners are tilted down.
THANK YOU

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