Climate change in

Pakistan

Bs final year,2k18/Pak/116
Mentor: Madam Farzana Baloch
Subject: Seminar on national issues
Presented by: saba Channa
Climate change

Climate change refers to significant, long-term changes in the global

climate.
Rising average temperature of
Earth’s climate system, called global
Warming, is driving change in
rainfall patterns, extreme
Weather, arrival of seasons and
More collectively, global warming
and it’s effects are known as climate
Change.
 Global climate Risk index annual Report
The global climate risk index has placed Pakistan on the
5th spot on the list of countries most vulnerable to
climate change in its annual report for 2020 which was
released by the thing tank germanwatch.
According to the report Pakistan lost 9989 lives suffered
economic losses worth $3.8 billion and witnessed 152
extreme weather events from 1999 with 2018 and based
on this data, the think tank has concluded that Pakistan
vulnerability to climate change is increasing.
Geographical location and lack of action

Pakistan is an autonomous country that occupies a strategic location in South

Asia, with a wide variety of land escapes. on the southern side ,the country has
costline border of 1046 along the Arabian sea and the gulf of Oman while the
Northern side exhibits the awesome glaciated mountains.
The major portion of Pakistani land I’d dry and barren, mainly because of great
variability in the climatic parameters the major water source of Pakistan is
melting snow from the Himalayan glaciers as well as heavy monsoon rainfalls.
According to David Eckstein, one of the co-authors of this report, the entire
region where Pakistan is located is prone to Extreme weather events in particular
,heavy rainfall during monsoon seasons and flooding as a result.
Most affected countries in 2018

In the short-term titled, The most affected countries in 2018; Pakistan is ranked
on the 100th position lossing US $92 million to climate change induced extreme
weather events
Cause of Global warming

 Different school of thoughts

According to international
Panel of climate change report
Scientist were certain that most of
the climate change was being caused
by increasing concentration of green
gases.
Effects of global warming on the climate
of Pakistan
Although Pakistan itself contributes very little to the overall emissions of greenhouse gases
yet, it remains one of the most severely hit countries of the world by the process of global
warming global warming has affected the climate of Pakistan in the following manners.
Floods
Pakistan’s economy has been crippled heavily by the devastating and repetitive floods during
the last decade. in the past 10 years, Pakistan has been hit by floods almost every year.
However, the floods of 2010 and 2011 have emerged the biggest catastrophes in the
country’s history.
2010 floods
The flood of 2010 remains as one of the biggest tragedies in a world history, with 20 million
people affected by iit.Thefloods resulted approximately 1781 deaths injured 2,966 people
and destroyed more than 1.89 million homes.
2011 floods
Although Pakistan nowhere near the 2010 floods, the 2011 flood also wrecked
havoc, and affected 5.3 million people and 1.2 million homes in Sindh, as well as
inundating 1.7 million acres of arable land.
2 DROUGHTS
Pakistan’s economy has been punched heavily by the continuous Spell of droughts
for the last many years, particularly in the provinces of Sindh and
Balochistan.The droughts in these areas has reduced the river flows resulting in
drying up of the irrigation canals, leading to poultry and other animals, causing a
general deficiency of food and water for people. The increased temperatures
because of the GHGs as well as mismanagement of the water reservoirs need to
be blamed for the condition.
3 Rising temperatures in Pakistan
As an ill effect of global warming, the annual mean surface temperature in
Pakistan have been steadily increasing during the past century. A rise in mean
temperatures of 0.6-1°c in the coastal areas along with the 0.5 to 0.7% increase
in solar radiation over southern half of the country has been observed.
4 Heat wave of 2010
The year 2010 broke all the records as Mohen Jo dar, a city of Sindh faced the
temperature ever recorded in Asia and fourth highest temperature ever recorded
in the world. The summer of 2010 caused a temperature of above 50°c in twelve
cities of Pakistan.
5 food security
Pakistan faces a severe crisis regarding the food security issues. The whole
nation has been gripped by a grave state of malnutrition as catastrophic climate
events resulting because of the process of global warming has destroyed the food
resources and halted its availability to the masses. The climatic disturbances
have affected the growing periods of the crops, altered the schedule of cropping
seasons, changing the water requirements of irrigation and altering the
characteristics of soil, thereby increasing the stress on crops.
6 Glaciers melting
Glaciers in Pakistan are continuously
Melting because of rising temperature
and by th year 2035, the
Country will no longer have water
reserves in the shape of of glaciers .

Melting glaciers add to rising sea

Levels which increases coastal erosion and
Surge as warming air and ocean temperatures
create more frequent and intense coastal
Storms like hurricane and typhoons
Water security problems

The Global studies rank Pakistan at

Number 4th among the most water
Wasting and consuming counties in
the world. Out of total demand in
Pakistan nearly 90% of the water
Is consumed by agriculture and
industries.
And the climate change also has
Effect on water scarcity in Pakistan.
Desertification of land

 Land degradation.
 Decline in quality of soil.
 Direct and indirect Economic
Losses.
 Significant loss of Bio diversity.
Conclusion

Pakistan, which is an already resources stressed country, has been crippled by

the process of global warming, as the blatant floods and droughts continue to
wreck the country’s economy. More Than 10, Million people have been displayed
over the last two years, the agricultural land lies barren and financial losses have
been estimated at $2 billion.
These climatic catastrophes will not die down.research studies have concluded
that changing weather patterns will be the foundation for more intense and
prolonged droughts and heat waves. Meanwhile, tremendous precipitation events
will become more frequent and future tropical cyclones will become more
strong.
Therefore there is a growing consensus that steps Will have to be taken to uproot
the cause of these events.In Addition to the formation of well thought flood and
droughts prevention policies, steps to reduce the overall emissions of green
house gases have to be taken so that the planet earth and it’s inhabitants can
survive.