● National ideology contains those ideals, which a

nation strives to accomplish in order to bring

stability to its nationhood.
 Two Nation Theory
Pakistan’s ideology is based on the two nation
theory, but the separation of these two nations
are not based on ethnicity, language, land but
on the religion.
➢ Key point of difference
● The key point of difference between the two
nations is their religion, namely Islam and
Hinduism. Pakistan came into being purely on
the basis of Islam. Pakistan should be an
Islamic welfare state. Creation of Pakistan was
not for Sindis, Punjabis, Baluch and Pathans,
but for Muslims only to secure their identity,
dignity and pride.
Meaning of Two Nation Theory:
● The Two Nation Theory in its simplest way means the
cultural,political,religious,economic and social
dissimilarities between the two major
communities.Hindus and Muslims of the Sub
Continent. These difference of out look ,in fact, were
greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct
political ideologies which were responsible for the
partition of India into two independent state.
There are a few factors which split the inhabitants of
the Sub Continent into two Nations.Let us examine
each of them separately.
Differences
● 1.Religious
Differences:
● The Hindus and Muslims belong
to different religions.Islam
preaches Tawheed (oneness of
Allah) and believes in equality of
man before law.Muslims are the
believers of God,The Holy Prophet
(P.B.U.H) the Holy Book Quran and
hold a cohesive approach towards
life.
Hinduism,on the other hand is
based on the concept of multiple
Gods.Their society follows a caste
system and is divided into four
classes and have a very narrow
approach towards life.
● 2.Hindu
Nationalism:
A number of Hindu nationalist
movements,which emerged from
time to time in the Indian history
,added fuel to the fire by playing
up the tension and antagonism
which already existed between the
two communities.
The Hindu nationalist leaders
totally ignored the great
contribution made by the Muslims
in the indian society by way of
promoting education and other
social activities.Their writings and
ideas flared up the communal
discord between Hindus and
Muslims to further pollute the
political condition.
Differences
● 3.Cultural
Differences:
Muslim followed the Islamic
culture while Hindus
inherited a self build
culture.The Hindus burnt
their dead bodies while
Muslims burred
them.Hindus considered the
‘Mother cow’ as a sacred
animal and worshiped it
while Muslims slaughtered
it.they performed ‘sati’
while Muslims abhorred this
tradition .The Hindus and
Muslims did not intermarry
nor they inter-dine.
● 4.Social
Differences:
The two communities of the
Sub Continent differ in their
social life as well.The
clothes,the foods,the
household utensils,the
layout of homes,the words
of salutation,the gestures
and every thing about them
was different and
immediately pointed to
their distinctive origin.
Differences
● 5.Economics
Differences:
After 1857,the Muslim
economic was crushed
and all trade policies were
framed in such a way so
as to determent the
Muslim condition .They
were thrown out of
Government services and
the their estates and
properties were
confiscated,while the
Hindus were provided
with ample opportunities
to progress economically.
● 6.Political
Differences:
The political differences
between the Hindus and
Muslims have played an
important role in the
developement and
evolution of Two Nation
Theory.
(i) Hindi Urdu
Controversy
(ii) Congress Attitude
(iii) Partition of Bengal
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s Ideology
● Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,the pioneer of two nation theory,used the word ‘two
nation’ for Hindus and Muslims after being concinced of the Hindus and
Congress hatred,hostility and prejudice for the Muslims.
The entire freedom movement revolved around the two nation theory
which was introduced by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.He considered all those
lived in India as one nation and was a great advocate of Hindu-Muslim
unity.Speaking at the meeting of Indian Association he said:

● “I look to both Hindus and Muslims with the same eyes

and consider them as my own eyes.By the word ‘Nation’
I mean only Hindus and Muslims and nothing
else,We,Hindus and Muslims live together on the same
soil under the same government.Our intrests and
problems are common,and therfore,I consider the two
factions as one nation.”
Quaid i azam’s views about Two
Nation
● Some of quotes from Quaid’s speeches are given below:
● “And we fought for Pakistan because there was danger of denial of these
human rights in the sub-continent. We aspired for these great ideas
because of centuries of dual domination by the foreign rulers and
caste-ridden social system. This domination continued for over two
hundred years, until we realized that it would be ultimately mean
complete extinction of Mussalmans, individually as human beings and
collectively as a nation. After all, the story of Pakistan and it’s struggle
and achievements, is the very story of great human ideals, struggling to
survive in the face of odds and difficulties. It was merely a government
which came into existence. It means the birth of a great State and a great
nation one supplementing the other and both existing for each other.
You are voicing my sentiments and the sentiments of million of
Mussalmans. When you say that Pakistan should be based on pure
foundations of social justice and Islamic Socialism; not other isms.
Pakistan Zindabad.”
● (March 1948, Chittagong, East Pakistan)
Quaid i azam’s views about Two
Nation
● “It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to
understand the real nature of Islam and Hinduism. They are not
religious in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and
distinct social orders; and it is only a dream that the Hindus and Muslims
can ever evolve a common nationality. This misconception of one Indian
Nation has troubles and will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise
our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different
religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither
intermarry nor interdine together and, indeed, they belong to two
different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and
conceptions. Their aspect on life are different. It is quite clear that
Hindus and Mussalmans derive their inspiration from different sources
of history. They have different epics, different heroes, and different
episodes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other and, likewise,
their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke together two such nations
under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a
majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any
fabric that may be so built for the government of such a state.”
● (Presidential Address by the Quaid-i-Azam, Lahore March 22-23,
1940)