TOPIC

PSYCHOANALYSIS
SIGMUND FREUD

Presented by :
Tahir Ullah Jan
 What
What Is
Is psychoanalysis
psychoanalysis
 Psychoanalysis is a type of therapy that aims to
release pent-up or repressed emotions and
memories in or to lead the client to catharsis or
healing.
 In other words psychoanalysis is to bring what
exist at the unconscious or subconscious level
up to consciousness.
 The Founder Of
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud

 About the founder of Psychoanalysis Sigmund

Freud
 6 May 1856- Sigmund Freud was born in Freyberg Town,
crech republic.
 1881 he graduated from medical faculty ,university of Vienna.
 1896- Sigmund Freud was officially recognized.
 1900 - he released “ Interpretation of dreams”.
 23 September 1939 - Freud passed away in Hampstead house .
 Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud concepts:
Sigmund Freud:
While explaining the structure of the human psyche or
mind, divided in two parts.
o First by arranging it into three Layers as the;

sub-
conscious unconscious
Conscious

o Second by postulating three Components ;

Super
Id Ego Ego
Freud’s Model of the Mind
 Level of Mental Life
 Conscious:
Only level of mental life that are directly available to us.
The awareness of our own mental process.
e. g Thoughts/Feelings

 Subconscious:
Facts stored in a part of the brain, which are not conscious but are available for
possible use in the future.
e. g ; A person will never think of his home address at the moment but when his
friend ask for it, he can easily recall it.

Unconscious:
Contains all the feelings, urges or instinct that are beyond our awareness but it
effect our expressions, feelings, actions.
e. g ; slip of tongue, dreams, wishes .
The Id, Superego and Ego
ID
Unconscious level only
Instinct to survive (Eros)
Instinct to destroy (thanatos)

Superego
Where morality resides
Encourages social responsibility.

Ego
Develops in infancy
Keeps check on Id.
  ID:
It operates according to pleasure principle. Id is quite selfish and
unethical. It is present by birth.
e. g: I want to eat chocolate.

 SUPER EGO:
It is idealistic in nature, perfection is its goal. It usually develops in the
child at the age of five and is referred to as conscious, or judgment from
within.
e. g: I am on a super diet.

 EGO:
It develops out of the Id and acts as an intermediary between three sets of
forces, i.e the instinctive, irrational demands of the Id , realities of the
external world and the ethical, moral demands of the super ego. It is
extended to all the three layers of the mind for exercising its balanced role.
e. g: Eats a small bar of chocolate.
 LIFE AND DEATH INSTINCTS
Freud postulated two main instincts as the source of all the
psyche energy available in man.
1. Life Instincts:
(Eros) the goal of life instinct is survival and the propagation of species.
“Libido” is the driving force of life instinct.
2. Death Instincts:
(Thanatos) It relates to impulse for destruction. It shows up through acts of
aggression, cruelty and suicide.

All conflicts in one way or the other represent clashes of the authority and
roles of one’s Id, Ego and Super Ego.
If superego dominate ego- it leads to psychotic behavior.
If superego is not rigid- it leads to neurosis or mind symptoms like
headache, backache, restlessness, lake of sleep and appetite.
  LIBIDO:
It is the life maintaining energy which aims at seeking pleasure
through sex gratification. It determine one’s personality. Blocking up
or repression of the libido or sexual urge, according to Freud, does not
end only in a free floating anxiety but also give birth to severe conflicts
leading to mental illness and abnormal behavior.
 INFANTILE SEXUALITY:
According to Freud sexuality is not the characteristic only of the adults.
Children from very beginning have sexual desires also. This, he termed
as ‘Infantile sexuality’.
 OEDIPUS AND ELECTRA COMPLEXES:
The deprivation or Electra Complexes in girls and castration and
Oedipus Complexes in boys arises in phallic stage of development
(ages 3-6) During this stage, children experience an unconscious feeling
of desire for their opposite-sex parent and jealousy and envy toward
their same-sex parent.
The 5 Psychosexual Stages of
Development

One of the most enduring concepts

associated with Freud is his
psychosexual stages.
Freud proposed that children develop in five
distinct stages, each focused on a different
source of pleasure.
The 5 Psychosexual stages of
development
Oral Stage

Anal Stage

Phallic Stage

Latent Stage

Genital Stage
1. ORAL STAGE:
The child seeks pleasure from the mouth ,
e. g ; sucking .
2. ANAL STAGE:
The child seeks pleasure from the anus ,
e. g ; withholding and expelling feaces .
3. PHALLIC STAGE:
(Start from age of 4) the child seeks pleasure from the penis or clitoris
e. g ; masturbation .
4. LATENT STAGE:
(Starts from age of 6 years in case of girls and 7-8 years in case of boys up to
the onset of puberty) the child has little or no sexual motivation.
5. GENITAL STAGE:
The child seeks pleasure from the penis or vagina ,
e. g ; sexual intercourse.
 Psychoanalysis as a method of studying
behavior and a therapy
It involves following steps:
1. Establishing rapport with the subject.
2. analysis of the behavior of the subject to uncover the
underlying causes of the abnormality by adopting
techniques like free association, dream analysis, and
analysis of daily psychopathology.
3. Synthesis for restructuring and restoring the lost
balance of the psyche.
4. Breaking the rapport in order to enable the patient to
face the realities of life without the support of the
analyst.
 Defense Mechanisms
 DIFINITION:
Unconscious mental processes used to
protect the ego against anxiety, shame
or other unacceptable feelings or
thoughts.

Are ways of dealing with stress.

Defense Mechanisms
includes
Repression:
Regression:
Sublimation:

Projection:

Displacement:

Denial:
 Defense Mechanisms includes
 Repression:
The ego pushes disturbing or threatening thoughts out of one’s
consciousness.

 Regression:
As a defense mechanism, the individual moves backward in development in
order to cope with stress ,
e. g ; Releasing frustration directed toward your boss on your spouse instead.

 Sublimation:
Similar to displacement, this defense mechanism involves satisfying an
impulse by acting on a substitute but in a socially acceptable way.
e. g ; Channeling energy into work or a constructive hobby
  Projection:
The ego attempts to solve discomfort by attributing the individual’s
unacceptable thoughts, feelings and motives to another person.

 Displacement:
The individual satisfies an impulse by acting on a substitute object or
person in a socially unacceptable way.
e. g ; Releasing frustration directed toward your boss on your spouse
instead.

 Denial:
The ego blocks upsetting or overwhelming experiences from
awareness, causing the individual to refuse to acknowledge or believe
what is happening.
 CRITICISM OF FREUD SYSTEM OF
PSYCHOANALYSIS
1. It treats mankind to be selfish, pleasure seeking
and animal-like rather than social and humane.
2. It often overgeneralizes on the basis of a single
study.
3. It over emphasis the role of sex in human life.
4. It attaches too much importance to the role of
the unconscious as a determinant of behavior.
5. It exaggerates the role of early childhood
experiences for setting out the course of one’s
life.
 CONTRIBUTION TO
EDUCATION
1. It has given a good method for the study of behavior.
2. It has provided a good therapy for treatment of mental illness.
3. It has highlighted the importance of good education and a healthy
environment in the early years by emphasis the role
of childhood experiences.
4. Freud’s concept of the unconscious has helped in understanding
the cause of maladaptive behavior.
5. His emphasis on the role of sex in one’s life has brought out the
necessity of providing proper sex education to children.
6. Freud’s system of psychoanalysis has called for the provision of
proper extracurricular activities and suitable hobbies etc. In the school
program for the release of repressed or blocked libidinal energy and
pent-up feelings.
 Thank You
• Any Question