4D printing technology

Presented by
Name : chandan K H
USN: 4gl18me403
Contents
Introduction
• what is 3D printing?
• What is 4D printing?
• Definition of 4D printing
• How 4D print work?
• Comparison of 3D & 4D printing
• 4D printing smart materials
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
Introduction
• 4D printing uses the same Techniques of 3D printing through
computer programmed deposition of material in successive layers to
create a 3D object.
• It adds the concept of change in the printed configuration over time,
dependent on environmental stimulation.
• It refers to the ability for material objects to change form and
function after they are produced.
Definition of 4D printing
• The term 4D printing was first coined by TED professor Skylar tibbits
in his February ,2015 speech at the MIT conference
• The use of a 3D printer in the creation of objects which change/alter
their shape when they are removed from the 3D printer
• The objective is the objects made self assemble when being exposed
to air , heat or water
• This is caused by a chemical reaction due to the materials utilised in
the manufacturing process.
What is 4D printing?
• 4D printing is the process through which a 3D printed object
transfroms itself into another structure over the influence of external
energy
• Input as temperature,light,pressure,water,or other environmental
stimulation
• 4 dimensional printing also known as 4D bioprinting, active origami,
or shape morphing system.
• This Technology is part of the project of MIT self assembly lab
What is 4D printing
• The purpose of this project is combine Technology and design to
invent self assembly and programmable material Technology
• Shape morphing systems can be found in many areas.
• Includeing smart textiles, autonomous robotics, biomedical devices
and tissue engineering.
• The natural analogues of such systems are exemplified by nastic plant
motions.
• Where a variety of organs such as tendrils, bracts,leaves and flowers
respond to environmental stimulation.
How 4D print works?
• The first is the use of stimulation responsive composite materials that
are blended or incorporate multi materials
• With varying properties being sandwiched layer upon layer.
• The second is the stimulation that will act on the object causing it to
animate
• The last aspect is time for the simulation occur, and the final result is
the change of state of the object
Comparison between 3D & 4D printing
Criterion 3D 4D
Definition Real life Representaion of Extension of Concepts of
objects and space 3D,Supporting the idea of
multidimensionality
Parameters Length , width and height Length, width, height and
time
Characterization Real Abstract
Mathematics X,Y and Z axis 4 Dimensional vector
Geometrical Bodies Cube, Sphere, cylinder, 4 polytopes
pyramid
Movies A real like visually imroved 3D picture plus additional
picture effects improving the
experience
Ultrasound 3 dimensional image 3 dimensional vedio
Printing 3D model printing 3D print that reacts to the
Smart materials
• Smart materials are designed materials That have one or more
Properties That can be Significantly changed in a controlled fashion By
external stimulation such as stress, temperature, Moisture,pH,electric
and magnetic fields.
Materials used in a 4D printing
shape memory alloy
Liquid crystals
• Elastomors
Advantages
• Increase the capabilities of the printed products
• Improves manufacturing efficiency
• Reduce manufacturing cost
• Size enhancement
• Some assembly required may soon be replaced with just add water
Disadvantages
• Machine based manufacturing may aggravate the problem of un
employment specially in the populated countries
• The materials can also take a long time to respond to their stimulation
resulting in a slow rate of shape changing.
• 4D printed material in many cases the shape change can be
permanent and irreversible.
Applications
• Clothing and footwear
• Helth care and medical industry
• Home appliences
• Transport
• Furniture
• Plumbing
• Robotics
• Smart devices
• Packaging
• Tissue engineering
Future of 4D printing
4D printing one of the fast growing technologies in the near or medium
term of future.
• There are a variety of example that truly show how for this Technology
has come.
• Think of simplistic folding objects to programmable shape shifting
materials and hydrogel composites.
• Years of research and testing will Eventually lead to amazing inventions.
• Such as adaptive medical Implants self assembling bulidings, and even
4D printed soft robots.
Conclusion
• Using multi-material 3D printing and smart materials ,4D printing has
been developed.
• This new technology provides a feasible Method to fabricate a
compact deployable structure.
• Smart materials are the cornerstone for 4D printing.
• So make sure to keep your eye on this new and enganging industry in
the coming years.
• As new development facilitate the betterment of our lives in this
wonderful world of tomorrow.
Thank you