SHALLOW FOUNDATION

OUTLINE :
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS FOUNDATION
 PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF FOUNDATION
 FACTORS AFFECTING FOUNDATION
 TYPES OF FOUNDATION
 SHALLOW FOUNDATION AND ITS TYPES
 SPREAD FOOTING
 COMBINE FOOTING
 STRAP FOOTING
 MAT FOOTING

 WHAT IS FOUNDATION ?
• THE FOUNDATION OF A BUILDING IS THAT PART OF WALLS, PIERS AND COLUMNS IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE GROUND AND TRANSMITTING LOADS TO THE GROUND.
• EVERY BUILDING NEEDS A FOUNDATION OF SOME KIND.
• BECAUSE OF THE VARIETY OF SOIL, ROCK, AND WATER CONDITIONS THAT ARE ENCOUNTERED BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE GROUND AND THE UNIQUE DEMANDS THAT BUILDINGS
MAKE UPON THEIR FOUNDATIONS, FOUNDATION DESIGN IS A HIGHLY SPECIALIZED FIELD COMBINING ASPECTS OF GEOTECHNICAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING.

 PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF FOUNDATION

• TO DISTRIBUTE THE LOAD OF THE STRUCTURE OVER A LARGE BEARING AREA SO AS TO BRING THE INTENSITY OF LOAD WITHIN THE SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL.
• TO LOAD THE BEARING SURFACE AT A UNIFORM RATE TO AVOID DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT.
• TO PREVENT THE LATERAL MOVEMENT OF SUPPORTING MATERIAL.
• TO ATTAIN A LEVEL AND FIRM BED FOR BUILDING OPERATIONS.
• TO INCREASE THE STABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE AS A WHOLE.

 FACTORS AFFECTING FOUNDATION

•  SOIL TYPES AND GROUND WATER TABLE CONDITIONS
• STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS AND FOUNDATIONS.
• CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 
•  SITE CONDITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR.

 TYPES OF FOUNDATION

SHALLOW FOUNDATION DEEP FOUNDATION