URBAN SOCIOLOGY

RESEARCH TOPIC

Group 3
Runze Qiao
Xing Liu
Yixi Shen
Lucas Josue Castro Carrascal
Juliana Ortega Rebolled
Research subject

Primary School
 Education System
CHINA

General national policy

Promote equality of educational opportunities and desegregation

Dream university Top senior high Top junior high Primary school
College Entrance Examination Senior High School Entrance Examination

nine-year compulsory education

COLUMBIA

General national policy

Promote equality of educational opportunities for public/privated

Dream university Top senior high Top junior high Primary school Preschool
College Entrance Examination

two-year nine-year two-year

compulsory education compulsory education compulsory education
 Research subject Primary School

Colegio El Carmen Teresiano

The New Bund School Attached to

No.2 High School of ECNU

Shanghai, China Cucuta, Colombia

Expensive neighbourhood with a popular primary school

Different in school segregation

Shanghai, China

Weak school segregation

 SHANGHAI, CHINA
Adjacent neighborhoods with EXCELLENT/NORMAL primary school
Household pricing varies a lot, where school difference plays a key role Site

Apartment Price (per square meters)

Highest: ¥110,000 ~€14,000

Lowest: ¥ 58,000 ~€ 7,400
Average: ¥ 75,000 ~€ 9,500

Apartment Price (per square meters)

Highest: ¥150,000 ~€19,000 ↑ 36%

Lowest: ¥120,000 ~€15,000 ↑106%
Average: ¥138,000 ~€17,500 ↑ 84%
 SHANGHAI, CHINA
Access

Public primary school enrollment policy

Household registration policy

Popular primary school Own a registered household in the school district

Social resources
 SHANGHAI, CHINA
Condition of School Segregation

SINCE HOWEVER
Shanghai has experienced a rapid limited number of house in a school district + market
urbanization over the past 12 years. competition mechanism

A school district usually has a diverse class

composition.
to buy school district house needs a lot of
+
financial resources.
Owning a registered household in the school
district means the access to that school.

School segregation in a gradual way

School segregation is not so strong as it

should have be.
Li Liang, Study on the Influence and Countermeasures of the Diversity of
Student Sources on Education in Shanghai Suburban Public Schools, 2010
 SHANGHAI, CHINA
Interview
Segregation relatively weak as a whole, but stronger within the school
Schools tend to divide students into different classes according to their family background

Personality Experience Relative’s kid (1st grade) Relative’s kid (kindergarten)

Popular public primary school Popular public primary school Household assigned to a popular school, but
disadvantaged class
Enrolled through Enrolled through
interview sponsorship/social resources Parents’ opinion
Opt-out
Classes divided by Classes divided by
social resources social resources

Composition of students
Household-enrolled
Resources-enrolled
Cucuta, Colombia

Strong school segregation

 Cucuta, Colombia

Department Norte de
Santander
Municipality San Jose
de Cucuta
 Cucuta, Colombia
Venezuela

Border town

Total area 1.176 km²

Urbanized area 230 km²
Residential population 711,715
Register Population with
venezuelans 927,000

City Center

Department Norte de
Santander
Municipality San Jose de
Cucuta
 Cucuta, Colombia

City is sectorize by
different levels of economy
stratification from 0 to 6 by
the Government

€ 30,000 to € 50,000

4
School case study
3

€ 50,600 to € 70,000
5

€ 20,000 to € 29,000
Possible Explanation
Public primary school enrolment policy in private school
Demonstration of family incomes

Popular primary school Show parents are capable to paid, by demonstrating family
incomes.
 Cucuta, Colombia
Condition of School Segregation

Case study

Depending on the economic stratification of each family, children have the

opportunity to study in a private school.

The enrollment students reflects the social-class composition in that district

directly.

PUBLIC SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOL

The way of public school enrollment Private schools take family incomes,
policy based upon district, to a certain parents' social status and children's
extent, protects the right to study of comprehensive quality as the criteria for
students in the district. enrollment.
 Cucuta, Colombia
Condition of School Segregation

Enrollment policy
Private/Public

Private school Public school

• Medical evaluation • Sociological evaluation
• Sociological evaluation • Requirement of age to start study
• Admission test • Certification of scores and tests done in the past
• Requirement of age to start study • No family incomes or backgrounds necessary
• Certification of scores and tests done in the past
• Compulsory attendance to religious subject or e
vents
• Bonus (quantity of money) to study apart from th
e monthly rates you paid.
• Family incomes
 Cucuta, Colombia
Condition of School Segregation

Since, Cucuta, Norte Santander is a border city has experienced a Cucuta as a border town is taken as a
fast increasement in migration in its population over the 10 past consideration since the city had
years. experience a fast migration of
Venezuelans which brings a large
problems in the economy.
Since this phenomenon had hit the city
Economy an important factor for schools.
the migrant children had absorb by
private or public school depending on
what parents can afford.
School segregation is strong as it shouldn’t be.
Conclusion

After the interviews that we undertook we realized that segregation is due to the economic
situation in the city.
The parents prefer to enroll their children in a high-class school and they barely want their
children to be related with foreign students. Besides the school must be located in a high-class
neighborhood.
They also want that their children interact with children with the same social class.
Furthermore parents are ask to paid an extra amount of money in order to enroll in that specific
school, finally they rather chose a private school than public.
 Conclusion

Research subject
Primary school

Condition

Shanghai, China Cucuta, Colombia

Case Similarity Popular school, with high surrounding housing prices

Case Differences Weak school segregation Strong school segregation

Possible Explanation
-Education System
-Access to School
-Social Culture