References

Example
• Romeo and Juliet is one of the most famous
works of Shakespeare. The movie of Romeo
and Juliet in Hollywood was produced in
1990’s. It was starred by Leonardo Di Caprio.
• Romeo and Juliet are lovers from different
family, Capulet and Montague. Although they
are in love, but their family disagree.
 Example
• Romeo and Juliet is one of the most famous
works of Shakespeare. The movie of Romeo
and Juliet in Hollywood was produced in
1990’s. It was starred by Leonardo Di Caprio.
• Romeo and Juliet are lovers from different
family, Capulet and Montague. Although they
are in love, but their family disagree.
 References
• Words that usually refer to the previously
mentioned word, phrase, or sentences
– Pronouns (He, she, it, they, we….)
– Demonstrative Pronouns (This, that,…)
– Nouns (Hypernym, e.g Romeo & Juliet  the
movie)
– Possesive, WH words
– Implicit Relations
 Ambiguous Reference
• Sally told John that that she had
won the door prize.
• Sally? told Mary? that that she
had won the door prize.
 Demonstrative Pronoun
• It is not yet clear how the drug affects the
body. Based on recent studies, scientists
speculate that the X-Y compound in the drug
depresses the central nervous system. This
raises important questions.
 Implicit Relations
• The painting was encased in a highly ornate
frame. The frame pleased him.
• Him  someone who bought a painting (not
on the text)
 Pronoun
• Various swimming exercises are included in
this pamphlet. And, remember, it is a great
way to keep in shape.
 WH-Pronoun
• The man who is staying on the palace is the
president of Indonesia
• The man whom Andi sued is the head of
football association
 Exercise
• Module 3.2 <Husband hit with high-heeled
shoe>
• The 55-year-old woman was arrested after
taking off (1)her shoe and hitting (2) her 66-
year-old husband around the head with (3)it
as (4)they argued about money outside a
Kowloon apartment block
 Exercise
• Module 3.2 <Husband hit with high-
heeled shoe>
• (1)(2)The 55-year-old woman was
arrested after taking off (1)her shoe and
hitting (2) her 66-year-old husband
around the head with (3)it as (4)they
argued about money outside a Kowloon
apartment block
 Radioactive iodine 1,250 times limit in sea
<Korea Times>
• Authorities said that they would
assist people who want to leave the
area from 12 to 19 miles outside the
plant, and that they were
encouraging “voluntary evacuation’’
from the area.
 Radioactive iodine 1,250 times limit in sea
<Korea Times>
• Authorities said that they would
assist people who want to leave the
area from 12 to 19 miles outside the
plant, and that they were
encouraging “voluntary evacuation’’
from the area.
Third-Party iPad 2 Cases Take on Smart Covers
• Although most hardware technology
companies offer protective gear and cases
for their gadgets, they also rely on third-
party companies to create and design a
variety of products. Over the past few
years, partly fueled by the creation of
delicate mobile devices with large flat
screens, these companies have become an
integral part of a product’s success — and
a multi-million dollar business.
Third-Party iPad 2 Cases Take on Smart Covers
• Although most hardware technology
companies offer protective gear and cases
for their gadgets, they also rely on third-
party companies to create and design a
variety of products. Over the past few
years, partly fueled by the creation of
delicate mobile devices with large flat
screens, these companies have become an
integral part of a product’s success — and
a multi-million dollar business.
Distinguishing Subject-Predicate

Understanding Relations within

Sentences
 Find the Heads
• Man cries
• The man cried
• The tall man has cried
• The tallest and fattest man has cried loudly
• The big tall smart and talented man has been
crying loudly for 60 hours without stopping
• Subject: Man
• Predicate: Cry
 Use your own adjectives or adverbs

• Woman smiles
• The <adj> woman smiles
• The <adj> and <adj> woman has smiled
• The most <adj> woman smiled <adv>
• The most <adj> and most <adj> woman has
been smiling <adv> to all people in the room
 Examples
• Woman smiles
• The <talented> woman smiles
• The <talented> and <enthusiastic> woman has
smiled
• The most <enthusiastic> woman smiled
<beautifully>
• The most <talented> and most <enthusiastic>
woman has been smiling <nicely> to all people in
the room
 Example
• The man who has two cars, six houses, five
wives where the children are all studying
overseas has decided to stop smoking

• The man who has two cars, six houses, five

wives where the children are all studying
overseas has decided to stop smoking
Subj Pred
 Find the heads
• The man who has two cars, six houses,
five wives where the children are all
studying overseas
• man

• has decided to stop smoking

• decide
 Sentence Split
1. Some students go to school in the evening
2. My Korean is awful, but my Javanese is
perfect
3. Jack and Maria went to the movie after they
finished studying
4. Jack and Maria, who did homework together
went to the movie after they finished
studying
 Sentence Split

1. Some students go to school in

the evening
 Sentence Split
2. My Korean is awful, but my
Javanese is perfect
– My Korean is awful
– but my Javanese is perfect
 Sentence Split

• Jack and Maria went to the

movie after they finished
studying
–Jack and Maria went to the
movie
–they finished studying
 Sentence Split
• Jack and Maria, who did homework
together, went to the movie after
they finished studying
– Jack and Maria did homework together
– They finished studying
– They went to the movie
 Exercise <Module 4.2 no 5>
• The court may not be elected, but its
members are nominated by the
president and confirmed by
congress, which also has
considerable power and operation of
the federal court system
 Sentence Split
1. The court may not be elected
2. Members of the court are nominated by the
president
3. They are confirmed by congress
4. The congress has considerable power and
operation of the federal court system
 Exercise <Module 4.2 no 5>
• (1)The court may not be elected, but
(2) its members are nominated by
the president and (3)confirmed by
congress, (4) which also has
considerable power and operation of
the federal court system
 Homework
• Take picture of one of your friends, and
introduce him/her and his/her job
This is my friend. Her name is Julie.
She is a journalist. At work, she
writes stories for the newspaper. She
interviewed celebrities and
important people. She asks them
questions relevant to the news. She
also researches topics like the
environment, politics, and culture.
She is also the photographer for the
articles.