COMPRESSORS

CENTRIFUGAL
COMPRESSOR
CONSTRUCTION
How it works

Uses

Construction

Seals

Bearing
HOW IT WORKS
USES
Turbochargers Large scale refrigeration cycles (LNG & LPG)

Chemical industries
Gas transportation Oil & gas industries
CONSTRUCTION
Diaphragm Casing
IMPELLER
DIFFUSER
DIFFUSER
DIAPHRAGMS
BALANCE PISTON
SEALS
SEALS: TYPES

Interstage seal

Shaft end seal

INTERSTAGE SEALS: LABYRINTH SEAL

Stationary element

High pressure Low pressure

gas gas

Rotating element
INTERSTAGE SEALS: LABYRINTH SEAL

Diaphragm seal
 INTERSTAGE SEALS: LABYRINTH SEAL

Eye
seal
Diaphragm
seal

Balance
drum seal Eye seal
Diaphragm seal
 SHAFT END SEALS: 1/4 CARBON RING SEAL

Buffer
gas

Bearing

Buffer gas
• To protect bearing oil from an extremely hot or cold process gas
• To prevent bearing oil from migration into the process gas (when the suction pressure is negative)
• To prevent a dangerous (flammable, toxic contaminated or corrosive) gas from escaping to
atmosphere
SHAFT END SEALS: 2/4 LIQUID FILM SEAL
Clean Oil
buffer gas supply

Process gas Atmosphere

side (bearing) side

Rotating element

Gas side Atmospheric

bushing side bushing

Stationary element

Contaminated Clean oil

oil
 SHAFT END SEALS: 2/4 LIQUID FILM SEAL

Shaft

Labyrinth Gas side Atmospheric Shaft

seal bushing side bushing sleeve

Process gas Atmosphere

side side

Oil Clean
Contaminated oil
supply oil
SHAFT END SEALS: 3/4 MECHANICAL SEAL

Atmosphere Spring Process gas

side side

Rotating face Stationary face

SHAFT END SEALS: 4/4 DRY GAS SEAL

Spring

Shaft

Rotating Stationary
face face
SHAFT END SEALS: 4/4 DRY GAS SEAL

Unidirectional
rotation shaft

Bidirectional
rotation shaft
SHAFT END SEALS: 4/4 DRY GAS SEAL
SHAFT END SEALS

Dry gas seal

Liquid film seal

Mechanical seal

Carbon ring seal

BEARINGS
BEARINGS: TYPES

Journal (radial)
bearing

Thrust (axial)
bearing
 Bearing
JOURNAL BEARING:
STRAIGHT TYPE No rotation
Shaft
F

Start of rotation
F
Wedge
action
F

Steady state F
JOURNAL BEARING:
TILTING PAD TYPE
Shoe Pivot
(pad)

Shaft

Each pad acts separately to keep the bearing loaded

and therefore stabilized  Inherently stable
JOURNAL BEARING:
TILTING PAD TYPE
THRUST BEARING:
BASIC TYPE Thrust
rings
F

Thrust
collar

There is some probability of load reversal  the

thrust bearing should be able to withstand load in
both directions
THRUST BEARING:
TILTING PAD (KINGSBURY-MICHELL) TYPE
THRUST BEARING:
TILTING PAD (KINGSBURY-MICHELL) TYPE
THRUST BEARING:
TILTING PAD (KINGSBURY-MICHELL) TYPE
THRUST BEARING:
TILTING PAD (KINGSBURY-MICHELL) TYPE
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR CONSTRUCTION