INCREASE AND DECREASE

IN A GIVEN RATIO
If you want to increase $85 in the ratio 7 : 5 there are two possible methods.

Method 1 Method 2

7
5 parts = $85 $85   $119
5
1 part = $85 ÷ 5 = $17

7 parts = 7 × $17 = $119

So answer is $119
Example
1 Decrease 120 kg in the ratio 19 : 20.

Method 1 Method 2

19
20 parts = 120 kg 120   114 kg
20
1 part = 120 kg ÷ 20 = 6 kg

19 parts = 19 × 6 kg = 114 kg

So answer is 114 kg
Example
2

15 cm

20 cm

A photo measures 20 cm by 15 cm. The photo is enlarged in the ratio 8 : 5.

a Calculate the measurements of the enlarged photo.
b Write down and simplify the ratio
area of enlarged photo : area of original photo
8 8
a 20   32 cm 15   24 cm
5 5
note:
b area of original photo = 15 x 20 = 300 cm2
82 : 52 = 64 : 25
area of enlarged photo = 32 x 24 = 768 cm2

area of enlarged photo : area of original photo =768 : 300 = 64 : 25

Example
3 A company sells regular size
boxes of washing powder. washing washing
They decide to make a large powder 24 cm
size box by increasing the powder
dimensions in the ratio 5 : 4.
REGULAR
a Calculate the measurements 8 cm LARGE
20 cm
of the large box.
b Write down and simplify the ratio
volume of large box : volume of regular box

5 5 5
a 20   25 cm 8  10 cm 24   30 cm
4 4 4
b volume of regular box = 20 x 8 x 24 = 3840 cm3 note:
53 : 43 = 125 : 64
volume of large box = 25 x 10 x 30 = 7500 cm 3

volume of large box : volume of regular box = 7500 : 3840 = 125 : 64

Example
4 This tablecloth shrinks when it is washed.
The length decreases in the ratio 74 : 75.
The width decreases in the ratio 89 : 90. width =
180 cm
a Calculate the measurements of the
tablecloth after it is washed.
length = 225 cm
b Write down and simplify the ratio
area of tablecloth before washing : area of tablecloth after washing

74 89
a length  225   222 cm width  180   178 cm
75 90
b area before washing = 180 x 225 = 40 500 cm2

area after washing = 222 x 178 = 39 516 cm2

area before washing : area after washing = 40 500 : 39 516

= 3375 : 3293