Latest studies and trends in teaching EPP

with emphasis on the following

(Personality Development)
cont.

Jona Ann B. Refugia

Instructor
● ID
● • The id is the only part of personality that is present at birth.
● • The id acts as the driving force behind personality.
● • It not only strives to fulfill our most basic urges, many ofwhich are
tied directly to survival, it also provides all of theenergy necessary to
drive personality.
● • During infancy, before the other components ofpersonality begin to
form, children are ruled entirely bythe id.
● • Satisfying basic needs for food, drink, and comfort are ofthe utmost
importance. As we grow older, it wouldobviously be quite problematic
if we acted out to satisfythe needs of the id whenever we felt an urge,
need, ordesire
EGO

The ego is part of personality that mediates

thedemands of the id, the superego and reality.
Theego prevents us from acting on our basic
urges(created by the id), but also works to
achieve abalance with our moral and idealistic
standards(created by the superego).
• While the ego operates in both the
preconsciousand conscious, its strong ties to the
id means thatit also operates in the unconscious.
• The ego operates based on the reality
principle,which works to satisfy the ids desires in
a mannerthat is realistic and socially appropriate.
:
 SUPER EGO
• The superego is the component of personalitycomposed of our
internalized ideals that we haveacquired from our parents and
from society.
• The superego works to suppress the urges of the idand tries to
make the ego behave morally, ratherthan realistically.
• The ideals that contribute to the formation of thesuperego include
not just the morals and valuesthat we have learned from our  
  
parents, but alsothe ideas about right and wrong that we
acquirefrom society and the culture in which we live.
• Two components: the ego ideal and theconscience
• The ego ideal is made up of all of our rules forgood behavior.• The
conscience is composed of the rules forwhich behaviors are
considered bad.
 
  
• When we engage in actions that conform tothe ego ideal, we
feel good about ourselvesor proud of our accomplishments. When
wedo things that our conscience considers bad,we experience
feelings of guilt.
  
• The primary action of the superego is to
entirelysuppress any urges or desires of the id
that areconsidered wrong or socially
unacceptable. It also triesto force the ego to act
morally rather than realistically.Finally, the
superego strives for moral perfections,without
taking reality into account.
 ABRAHAM MASLOW
• Abraham Maslow, is a leader in thedevelopment of
humanisticpsychology, classified motives
andconstructed a hierarchy of needs,ascending
from the basic biologicalneeds to the most
complexpsychological motives.
 
 
GOOD PERSONALITY
Attributes of a person with “Goodpersonality”?
 Good physique
 Pleasing manners
 Personal and Professional integrity
 Trustworthiness and reliability
 • Good control over body and mind
 
 HEALTHY BODY
 
HEALTHY BODY
NutritionPersonal
HygieneExercising
Traditional methods (Yoga)
Modern methods (Gym, aerobics, etc.)
Walking and jogging
Disciplining of daily routines is a must!
Mind control is essential for a healthy body.
 WHEN IS MIND UNHEALTHY?
Agitated mind is unhealthy
What agitates human mind?
Not getting what one desiresGetting what one dislikes
Uncontrolled emotions in the mind
Continuous accumulation of such likes anddislikes stresses the mind
out.
Stress agitates the mind•
Stressed mind is unhealthy
 
 
 Stress-free mind is healthy and calmSuch calm mind can be
controlled moreeasily•
De-stressing the mind is needed:
Prevention of accumulation of day-to-day complexes
Clearing the stockpile of storedcomplexities
HOW?
CULTIVATING A HEALTHY MIND
Documented human experience of the past:Non-reactive
observation of oneself mitigates thestrength of these
complexes
Continuous awareness makes this a continuousprocess: results in
clearing the stock pile
Different paths for removal of accumulatedcomplexes:
Path of service
Path of intellectual analysis
Path of devotion
Path of meditation
 HEALTHY MIND
Stress-free mind is healthy and calm
Such calm mind can be controlled more easily•
De-stressing the mind is needed:
Prevention of accumulation of day-to-day complexes
Clearing the stockpile of stored complexities
HOW?
 TYPESOF PERSONALITY
Perfectionists
Helpers
Romantics
Achievers
Asserters
Questioners
Adventurers
Observers and
Peacemakers.
Perfectionists – are realistic, conscientious and principled
Ex: Narayan Murthy – Infosys.
Helpers – are warn, concerned, nurturing and sensitive to
otherpeople’s needs
Ex: Mother Teresa.
Achievers – are eneagetic, optimistic, self assured and
goaloriented
Ex: Sachin Tendulkar
Romantics – have sensitive feelings and are warm
andperceptive
Ex: M. F. Hussain – great Indian Painter
Observers – have a need for knowledge and are
introverted,curious, analytical and insightful.
Ex: Amartya Sen - Great economist
Questioners – are responsible and trustworthy.
Ex: Shabana Azmi
Adventurers – are energetic, lively and optimistic.They want
to contribute to the world
Ex: Vijay Mallya - NRI businessman.
Asserters – are direct, self-reliant, self confident
andprotective.
Ex: T. N. Seshan - Chief Election Commissioner.
Peacemakers – are receptive, good-natured andsupportive.
They seek union with others and theworld around them
 
 IT CAN HELP IN THEFOLLOWING WAYS
• To learn the business etiquette of exchanging cards,wishing
on first meeting, bowing when you are visitingJapan and
the like.
• Voice modulation, diction, communication skills,
phoneetiquette, hygiene, empowerment skills,
timemanagement and positive thinking.
• To cultivate a friendly, interactive manner. Essentialslike
giving a speech, voice development andmodulation of
voice.
• It enhances the sense of confidence and self-worth.
 
 PERSONALITY TEST
This can identify:
Value system
Emotional reaction to a critical situation
Moods and characteristic behaviour traits.
Maturity in handling a crisis.
Ability to adjust himself to the stress of day-to-dayexecutive
lifestyle.
 Self-confidence, personal ambition, emotional controland
sociability etc.
 
BODY LANGUAGE

Body languagecommunicates much morethan words.

Bodylanguage signals arecalled ‘leakages’ becauseyou may try to
tellsomething, but the truth willleak out visually.
 
.
 
 AVOID SUCH BODY LANGUAGE
• Crossed arms or legs
• Carrying books or papers across your chest
• Slumped posture
• Sitting perched on the edge of the chair
• Wringing hands
• Tapping foot
• Rocking legs
• Drumming fingers
• Biting nails
• Fiddling with the jewelry or hair
• Covering your mouth with your hand while talking
• Rocking in your chair
• Scratching a lot
• Clearing your throat too much
• Straightening your tie
• Playing with watch or cufflinks
• Hands in the pocket
 
LOOKING AGGRESSIVE
• Arms folded across the chest
• Staring
• Pointing
• Making a fist
• Leaning over someone
 
BEHAVING RUDELY
Working when someone is talking to you
Puffing
Smirking
Whispering
Cracking knuckles
Grooming yourself
 
’Standing too close
Packing up folders and papers well before the meetingis over
Shaking hands too hard or limp handshakes
Yawning when the meeting is in progress
Looking at your watch repeatedly
Blinking a lot
Fiddling with rings, watches, earrings and chains
Tapping or clicking pens
Playing with paper clips
Jingling money in pocket
Picking at fingernails
Twiddling bits of hair
Smoking
 
 
LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
Courage
Self-control
A keen sense of justice and fairness
Definiteness of plans
The habit of doing more than being paid for
A pleasing personality
Sympathy and understanding
Mastery of details
Willingness to assume full responsibility
Co-operation
 
 
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• accurate• adaptable• astute• can work under pressure• careful•
committed• competent• cooperative• courteous• decisive•
dedicated• energetic• methodical• meticulous• orderly•
organized• positive• practica• extrovert• flexible• friendly• get
on well with other people• good communicator• good sense of
humour• good time-keeper• hard working• imaginative
• independent worker• lively• logical• loyal• self confident• self
motivated• sensitive• thorough• thoughtful• vigilant• work well
with others
 
Determinants of personality
 
Biological factors
Family &Social factors
Cultural factors
Situational factors
Heredity
Brain
 
 
Physical features
1.Socialisation process(Behaviour from family &social group)
2. Identification process( Selecting ideal person)
3. Home environment(Brought up)
4.Social Group.
1. Independence- Australia
2. Aggression- North Korea
3. Competition- India
4. Co-operation- Japan
1.Positive behaviour
2.Negative behaviour
 
 
TYPE A AND B

Type A Personality
•Always moving,walking, and eatingrapidly.
•Feel impatient with therate at which mostevents take place.
•Strive to think or dotwo or more things atonce.
•Cannot cope withleisure time.
•Are obsessed withnumbers, measuringtheir success in
termsof how many or howmuch of everything theyacquire.
 
 
Type B Personality

•Never suffer from asense of time urgencywith its

accompanyingimpatience.
•Feel no need todisplay or discusseither theirachievements
oraccomplishmentsunless such exposureis demanded by
thesituation.
•Play for fun &relaxation, instead ofexhibit their superiorityat
any cost.Can relax without guilt.
 
 
Personality Factors Characters
1. Conscientiousness
2. Agreeableness
3. Neuroticism
4. Openness
5. ExtroversionCareful, dependable andself disciplinedCourteous,
good natured,empathic and caring.Poised, secure and
calm.Sensitive, flexible, creative andcurious.Outgoing and
cautious.
 
Personality Factors Characters
1. Conscientiousness
2. Agreeableness
3. Neuroticism
4. Openness
5. ExtroversionCareful, dependable andself disciplinedCourteous,
good natured,empathic and caring.Poised, secure and
calm.Sensitive, flexible, creative andcurious.Outgoing and
cautious.
 
Draw a scenario that shows personality
development.
1.
2.
3.
Answer the following questions in a paragraph.
1. What is meant by personality development?
2. How it will affect your life as well as teaching?
3. Are their ways on which to improve or develop it? Cite an
example.
 Thanks!

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