Contents

 Ohms law
 Kirchhoff’s laws (KCL, KVL)
 Series and parallel circuits
 Source transformations
 Mesh analysis
 Nodal analysis.
 Linearity and superposition theorem with simple examples
 Thevenin's theorem
 Norton's theorem with simple examples
 Maximum power transfer theorem with simple examples.
 Delta-wye conversion
Mesh Analysis
Mesh Analysis
Mesh Analysis
Mesh Analysis - STEPS
Mesh Analysis - STEPS
Mesh Analysis - STEPS
Mesh Analysis - STEPS
Cramer’s Rule
Example -1
Solution
Example 2
Write the mesh equations and solve for the currents I1, and I2.

Mesh 1 4I1 + 6(I1 – I2) = 10 - 2

Mesh 2 6(I2 – I1) + 2I2 + 7I2 = 2 + 20

 Solution continued.
Simplifying Eq (7.9) and (7.10) gives,
10I1 – 6I2 = 8

-6I1 + 15I2 = 22

I1 = 2.2105

I2 = 2.3509
Example 3
Solve for the mesh currents in the circuit below.
Solution

Mesh 1: 6I1 + 10(I1 – I3) + 4(I1 – I2) = 20 + 10

Mesh 2: 4(I2 – I1) + 11(I2 – I3) + 3I2 = - 10 - 8

Mesh 3: 9I3 + 11(I3 – I2) + 10(I3 – I1) = 12 + 8

Standard Equation form In matrix form:

20I1 – 4I2 – 10I3 = 30

-4I1 + 18I2 – 11I3 = -18

-10I1 – 11I2 + 30I3 = 20

Example 4
 Mesh Analysis: With current sources in the circuit
Example 5: Consider the following:

Use the direct method to write the mesh equations.

 Mesh Analysis: With current sources in the circuit
This case is explained by using an example.
Example 5: Find the three mesh currents in the circuit below.

When a current source is present, it will be directly related to

one or more of the mesh current. In this case I2 = -4A.
 Mesh Analysis: With current sources in the circuit

Equation for mesh 1:

10I1 + (I1-I2)5 = 10
or

15I1 – 5I2 = 10

Equations for mesh 2: Constraint Equation

2I3 + (I3-I2)20 = 20
I2 = - 4A
or

- 20I2 + 22I3 = 20
Mesh Analysis: With current sources in the circuit
Example 5: Continued. Express the previous equations in
Matrix form:

I1 = -0.667 A

I2 = - 4 A

I3 = - 2.73 A
Mesh Analysis with Current Source
Mesh Analysis with Current Source
6. Find the Ix in the circuit
7. Apply mesh analysis to the circuit of given to
determine Ix.
8. Use an analysis method of your choice to
determine Io in the circuit