Metaphor and its

applications

Group 1
Nguyen Thu Trang 20183172
Nguyen Thi Thu Uyen 20183176
Pham Phuong Anh 20183036
Pham Hoai Nam 20183130
 Table of contents

Part 1 : Definition and types of Metaphors – Nguyễn Thu Trang

Part 2 : The purpose and usage of metaphors

 Metaphor usage in medicine
 Metaphor usage in politics ] Nguyễn Thị Thu Uyên

 Metaphor usage in business and management

 Metaphor Comprehension in Kids
] Phạm Phương Anh

Part 3 : Tips on using metaphors effectively in writing – Phạm Hoài Nam

 01
Definition and types of
Metaphors

Presented by
Nguyen Thu Trang
20183172
1. Definition and types of Metaphors

A metaphor is a figure of speech that

describes an object or action in a way that
isn’t literally true, but helps explain an
idea or make a comparison.

3 TYPES :
Direct metaphor
Implied metaphor
Extended metaphor
 1. Types of Metaphors

Direct metaphor Implied metaphor

is more often than not a comparison compares two things that are not
which is obvious in context. alike without actually mentioning
one of those things.

The hockey player was an animal

yesterday.
The flowers danced
in the wind.
1. Types of Metaphors

Extended metaphor
extended metaphors are exactly as
they sound – lengthened versions of
a metaphor that has already been
established.

‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers -

Emily Dickinson
 02
The purpose and usage
of metaphors

Presented by
Nguyen Thi Thu Uyen
20183176
 Metaphor usage in medicine

• Elucidate disease that resists classification.

• Help to understand our own unexplained
present and uncertain future
• Hide the true nature of disease
• Remain calm
• Empower the patient to be optimistic and
strong about the future. 
• Make the patient feel confident
=> ambiguous ways
 “Death is before me today
Like the sky when it clears
Like a man’s wish to see home after
numberless years of captivity”

- Death is Before Me Today-

“Willingness to turn Morgellons into metaphor —a physical
manifestation of some abstract human tendency — is dangerous.
It obscures the particular and unbidden nature of the suffering in
front of [him]” 
-The Devil’s Bait –

“the words [are] traversing the malignant stage/ Of countless,

hungry cells as they divide/ Until [he is] drained of something
horrible”
- A Diagnostic Procedure was Performed -
 Metaphor usage in politics

• Tools for making abstract political

issues accessible to the listener
• Emphasize or soften certain issues
• Convey the problems
• Imply the solution
 Hillary Clinton (2015)

• “We’re going up against some pretty powerful

forces”

• LIFE IS A JOURNEY: ‘The best possible

start in life’

• A NATION’S HISTORY IS MOTION:

‘We’re still working our way back from a
crisis (…)’

• A PRESIDENCY IS A JOURNEY: ‘I want

to be a President for all Americans. And along
the way(…)’
 Donald Trump (2015)

● ‘I think beating Obama would have

been a much easier one than the one
that’s coming up, which is bad to say
but true’

● ‘They all want me to support them.

They don’t know how to bring it
about.’
 03
The purpose
and usage of
metaphors
(next part)
Pham Phuong Anh
20183036
3. Metaphor usage in business and
management
Application
Some examples
Understanding
Explanations

Effectiveness
Conclusion
 Understanding
A business metaphor is
often used in framing a
dispute or situation
 Application

Business Metaphors as an Emotional Mirror

● Metaphors Reflect a Negotiation Relationship!

● Metaphors Affect the Negotiation Process

● Business Metaphors as Self-Reflection

Effectiveness!
Metaphors, we use in
business and
management, influence
the mood of a business
meeting and bring us a
result that is both positive
and productive.
Metaphor
comprehension in Children will
kids encounter a lot of
metaphors, usually
while playing or under
parental or school
education, so
Abstract understanding the
meaning of metaphor
is essential.
 Examples & Implied of
metaphor for kids

1. Theclassroom was a zoo.

2. The moon is a white balloon.
3. Your brain is a computer.

‘But Soft! What light through yonder window breaks?

It is the East, and Juliet is the sun! (Shakespeare)
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 3. Tips on using
metaphors effectively in
Writing 

Pham Hoai Nam 20183130

Why we need
For example:
metaphors in
writing? 

Metaphors create a
shortcut to
understanding 
This can be quickly and easily
applied to the thing the
metaphor is describing. Love is a thorny rose.
-> Delightfully transferring
meanings
Why we need
metaphors in
writing?  The key to keep your reader
interested is by continuously
smashing apart expectation.
Metaphors can
surprise the By pairing two unexpected
brain, which in images, there’s a natural
delight in discovering
turn leads to
something new. 
delight 
 Why we need
metaphors in
writing? 
Metaphor engages the imagination
Metaphors deepen so intensely that
the reading readers experience a story, rather
than consume it passively
experience 
 How to write it
effectively? 
When writing metaphors, train
yourself to reject the first idea
that pops into your head.
Avoid clichés by rejecting
Remember: the brain delights in
your first thoughts  the unexpected.

She has a heart of gold.

How to write it
Make sure the comparison
effectively?  you’re using in your metaphor
is something familiar to your 
viewpoint character. 
Consider your POV
character and setting  Also keep in mind the time
period and setting of your novel

Don’t use metaphors like ‘the

bowler-hat cave’ if your novel
is set in Ancient Rome
How to write it
effectively?  Essentially when you use two
unrelated images to describe the
Don’t mix metaphors  same thing

Illogically combining different

images or ideas.

For example: ‘If we want to get

ahead, we’ll have to iron
out the remaining bottlenecks.’ 
SUMMAR
Y
 Thank you
for listening!
If you have any questions, be free to ask!