SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Quarter 3 – Module 1: Patterns of Written Text

PREPARED BY:

MYRA CAÑA
639696331250
Myracana21@gmail.com
 What I Need to Know

Have you seen a building construction downtown or

a house construction in your neighborhood? Try to observe
it. It’s a complex process, right? That’s the reason why the
engineers and construction workers see to it that a buildinor a house has a strong foundation for
support. This careful process of building is also similar to the process of writing.
Words make up phrases. Phrases make up sentences. Sentences make a paragraph.
Hence, these sentences need to be organized to explain a topic. However, supporting one’s topic
might not be easy. That’s why, there are patterns that suggest a type of support for a topic that
you can use in a type of paragraph.
These patterns of written text will be of great of help for you to be able to effectively
communicate when you write. All of these will be discussed in this module.

Let’s get started!

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) Week 1, Quarter 3:

The learner:
1. Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines

This module of Patterns of Written text is divided into four topics namely:
Topic 1 – Narration and Description
Topic 2 – Definition and Exemplification & Classification
Topic 3 – Cause & Effect and Comparison & Contrast
Topic 4 – Problem-Solution and Persuasion

After going through this module, you are expected to:

A. Identify patterns of written texts across disciplines
B. Distinguish the patterns of written text
C. Examine statements using patterns of written text
D. Analyze writing patterns used in written texts
E. Use patterns of written text to support a topic
 What I Know

Direction: Rearrange the jumbled letters below and form a word that could be associated in the
given word for each item. The first letter is already provided for you.

Amazing! You have successfully unlocked the words. As I mentioned, these can be very
helpful for you as you get to know these terms more. Let’s proceed to the next stage!
 What’s In

In your English Grade 10, you had already learned how to write argumentative and
informative essays and even speeches for public speaking. Let’s go back to the foundation of an
essay which is a paragraph.

PARAGRAPH
A paragraph is a group of sentences that convey an idea. Each sentence works together as part
of a unit to create an overall thought or impression. It has three parts: topic sentence,
supporting sentences and clincher.

The topic sentence clearly states the subject or the main point of the whole paragraph.

The supporting sentences show details and examples to prove your point.

A clincher wraps up the point of the paragraph

What’s New

Welcome to your journey in learning Patterns of Written Text! You’re going to learn and discover
how to support and develop your ideas and strengthen their connections in a paragraph.

In writing, so as to gain more knowledge about our topic, we read, we interview, we search
online and the like. However, sometimes we tend to be overwhelmed to the information we have. Our
tendency is to put them all together and sometimes, the result is not good.

Let’s take for example the situation of Elmer. He has a friend in Malaysia. His friend, Ahmad,
wants to know more about his school. He will be transferring soon here in General Santos City. He then
asks Elmer the steps and process of enrolment. Elmer then starts to enumerate the process before he
can finally be able to reply to Ahmad.

Read the following sentences of:

1. Submit documents in the Registrar.
2. Take an exam.
3. Talk to the principal and the guidance counselor.
 How does it feel to read the sentences above? Would this be enough for Ahmad to understand the
process of enrolment in Elmer’s school? It’s a bit confusing, right? It’s because the steps don’t include
enough details for Ahmad to know exactly what he should do. However, it’s not always simple to
organize or develop ideas, and sometimes there’s more than one way. That is why, learning the
methods and ways in supporting ideas is very important .

What Is It

When you write a paragraph about your favorite tourist destination, your opinions on a certain
issue, or your thoughts in the advantages and disadvantages of social media, you are unconsciously
using these writing patterns. However, when you become conscious of the patterns and use them
effectively, you can be able to develop your ideas well.

WHAT IS A PATTERN OF A WRITTEN TEXT?

Writing pattern or pattern of paragraph development refers to a specific strategy or

method that a writer uses to develop ideas in a paragraph. It suggests a type of support to an
idea that one can use in a type of paragraph. It also helps a writer how to make sense of the
different pieces of information.

Let’s get to know more of these patterns. Are you ready? Let’s start!

TOPIC 1 Narration and Description

Let’s learn the first two patterns of written text, Narration and Description

NARRATION

→ The focus of this pattern is basically to narrate or tell a
story. It emphasizes the what, when, and where
something happened. Its purpose comes along with
effective sequencing order of events in a chronological
order. Moreover, action words and transitional words
characterized a narrative paragraph.
TAKE NOTE:
Transitional words show the change of
actions of the character(s) and connect
events in the story. For example,
afterwards, meanwhile, at night, after, at
present, next, then, earlier, suddenly,
before, at last, meanwhile, eventually,
soon, later, first, second,
Example:

Yesterday, Thea and her two brothers, Michael and Edward had the most wonderful time
together. They strolled in the mall. They went inside the department store and bought bucket hats and
matching shirts. Next, for lunch, they ate at their favorite restaurant, ordered the usual chicken and
rice combo and shared many funny moments. After that, they watched a comedy movie and laughed
their hearts out. After a long day, they went home tired but fulfilled. They definitely shared good
moments together and bonded more as siblings.

Explanation:

In this narrative paragraph, for the most part, logical sequence of actions supplies the narrative
sequence: "They strolled in the mall. . . They went inside the department store. They ate at their
favorite restaurant." Because of the linear arrangement of these sentences on the paragraph, the
reader assumes the actions take place in sequence. However, here and there, transitions such as
yesterday, next, after that, after a long day, were needed to emphasize important time relationships.

Here are some key points for you to remember about Narration:

Emphasizes the what, when,

and where something
Narrate or tell a story
happened Action words and
transitional words
characterized a paragraph

Narration

DESCRIPTION

→ This pattern of development gives characteristics or details on what an object, a person or a place
looks like. When using this pattern, use powerful and appropriate adjectives and use effectively the
five senses (sight, smell, taste, hear, touch) to create a clear image on a reader’s mind.

→ There are two types of description paragraph—objective and subjective. Objective description is
used in scientific writing to describe factual and scientific characteristics. Subjective description is
used in fiction wherein a writer uses his own perspective to describe a person, an event or a thing.
 Example:

Every summer, my brothers and I spend our vacation in my Lola’s house. It always feels like my
first home. It is already an old house. You could already say it’s old because of the worn-out fences.
Still, I love spending my summer there. When you go inside, that musty smell welcomes you or the
smell of rice cakes from the kitchen. Lola really loves to make rice cakes and my favorite is ‘suman’.
Every day is a fun day. My brothers and I would either play in Lola’s backyard with her dog, Bantay or
we go to the river nearby. In the next morning, she would then cook delicious meals and they’re all
tasty. Lola’s home is always a happy home.

Explanation:

In this type of description, the author is describing an impression of what is observed in his Lola’s
house. This is an example of a subjective description. Since the writer used clear images and sensory
imagery, the reader is now able to experience Lola’s house as to how it appeared and felt for the
writer.

Here are some key points for you to remember about Description:

Gives characteristics or use powerful and

details appropriate adjectives and Objective description and
use effectively the five sense subjective description

Description

Welcome to our second topic. You will learn the next patterns of written text: Definition,
Exemplification and Classification. Are you ready? Let’s start!

DEFINITION

→ The focus of this pattern is to explain or give a comprehensive understanding of a concept, a term or
an idea. To define a term, a writer provides a general definition, then gives clear details to support. You
may define a term or a concept by its characteristic, function, example, origin or effect.
→ There are two types of definition—scientific and subjective. Scientific definition defines concepts in
the most factual way. On the other hand, Subjective definition defines complex terms in a personal way.
Example:

I was once asked by my college professor before, “What is passion?” This is a typical question for
a painter and an artist like me. As they say, you will never excel as an artist if you don’t have passion
within you. What is ‘passion’? My teacher once told me that passion comes from a Latin root ‘pati-‘,
meaning ‘suffering, or enduring’. From then on, my teacher taught me that passion is not just something
you earn in a night or after studying arts. It’s something you have to learn over the course of life. I then
learned that passion is something I need to learn to feel by enduring not just the highs of life but also the
downtimes. It also goes with loving what I do .

Explanation
:

This paragraph is an example of a subjective definition of the term ‘passion’. The writer gave
examples of how it felt based on his personal experience with it. The writer even started with an origin
of the word. Then, he concluded it by saying that passion goes with loving what the he does.

Here are some key points for you to remember about Definition:

defines a term or a
explains a comprehensive
concept by its Subjective Definition and
understanding of a concept, a
characteristic, function, Scientific Definition
term or an idea
example, origin or effect.

DEFINITION

Exemplification and Classification

→ Exemplification is a pattern of development wherein a writer uses examples to illustrate and

further explain an idea. By this pattern, examples used clarify more the general idea in the paragraph.

→ On the other hand, Classification divides and organizes ideas or concepts in classes, groups or
categories based on criteria and relationships between the items. This pattern helps the reader
understands even the complex and vast idea as it will be classified.
 Example:

You can be awesome on your ‘first day high’ in college by being friendly, responsive and easy-
going. In that case, you can immediately have friends and be at ease in your journey to college. First,
be friendly. For example, always be the first one to say “Hi!” and introduce yourself. For you not to
look awkward, always wear a smile. Next, be responsive. A first day is always a getting-to-know stage.
Whenever a person asks you a question, answer accordingly. Lastly, be easy going. Keep your chill
and just go with the flow. As long as it doesn’t hurt or offend you, just go for it. Basically, these are the
“must be-attitudes” if you’re a freshman.

Explanation:

In this paragraph, the writer began with a main idea about how to be awesome on a first day in
college then discussed the subcategories of that topic. Being awesome on a first day high was being
categorized into these secondary ideas, ‘being friendly’, ‘responsive’ and ‘easy-going’. As you
observed, there were transition words used such as in that case, first, for example, as long as, and
basically, as each category is being explained through sample situations. That’s where exemplification
pattern comes in.

Here are some key points for you to remember about

Exemplification and Classification:

Classification organizes ideas

Exemplification uses or concepts in classes,
examples to illustrate and groups or categories based These patterns further
further explain an idea. on criteria. explain the general idea in
the paragraph.

Exemplification
and Classification

Cause and Effect

→ This pattern of development discusses why something happens and what results a particular
occurrence or event. They can be discussed together. However, in a particular paragraph, one or the
other will be emphasized. It may be a paragraph emphasizing a cause or a paragraph emphasizing an
effect.

→ A paragraph that emphasizes the causes begins with an effect; the purpose of the paragraph is to
discuss how that effect came to be and to show what caused it. On the other hand, in a paragraph that
emphasizes the effects begins with a particular cause, then explores the consequences.
Example:

Several factors contribute to the frequent use of different social media platforms by teenagers.
First, it is their way of connecting to friends and widening their network of friends. Since everyone is in
Social Media, they feel a need to be there and join group conversations. It is their way of relating to
others. Second, teenagers tend to feel like they might miss out if they aren't always up to date with
social media. They can even stay online in a day and they would never feel tired in just scrolling.
Lastly, because of boredom, they choose to be occupied in their social media profiles and continue
connecting to other people. However, being too much absorbed in social media may result to a bad
turn-out. That’s why, parents should guide their children and be updated on the things their children
explore.

Explanation
:
This paragraph is an example of emphasizing the causes. As you observed, the effect, which is the
frequent use of different social media platforms by teenagers, was stated in the topic sentence. Then
the causes of it was then discussed one by one. Transition words such as first, second, lastly, and
however are also used to show the relationship of causes pertaining to the effect.

Here are some key points for you to remember about Cause and Effect:

A paragraph that
Discusses why something
emphasizes the causes
happens and what results
begins with an effect. It
a particular occurrence
discusses how that effect
came to be

Cause a paragraph that

and emphasizes the effects
begins with a cause, then
Effect
explores the results

Comparison and Contrast

→ Comparing means looking on the similarities. Contrasting means looking on the differences. Thus,
Comparison and Contrast, as a pattern, discusses and organizes ideas based on how people, events, places and
things are similar or different to one another.

→ There are two approaches that a writer can do to discuss the similarities and difference. The first one is
separately. The writer describes the first element then followed by the second element. The second is side-by-side.
The writer discusses both items based on each point of comparison and contrast.
 Example:

Mikko certainly loves his two best friends, Anton and Abu. However, they have completely
diverse personalities. Although Anton and Abu both have strict parents, their attitudes are very
different. Anton is very conservative and always careful with his words. In contrast, Abu is very out-
going and is always careless when he talks. When it comes to hobbies, they are also different. Anton
loves reading books while Abu loves fishing in the river. However, even though they are totally
different, they all agree on one thing, and that is playing basketball. That’s how they always bond and
keep their friendship.

Explanation
:
As you observed, this comparison-contrast paragraph uses the approach, side-by-side,
comparing Anton and Abu in every point, such as in attitude, way of talking and hobbies. To also show
the relationship of ideas, transition words such as although, however, and in contrast and are used.

Here are some key points for you to remember about Comparison and
Contrast:

Discusses ideas based on Separately approach

describes the first element Side-by-side approach
how ideas are similar or
then followed by the discusses both items
different to one another.
second element based on each point of
comparison and contrast.

Comparison
and Contrast

Problem-Solution

→ In this pattern of development, the writer presents a problem that needs to be resolved. The
paragraph states a concerning issue or a problem then next is the solution or what should be done
to solve the issue.

→ A paragraph that uses problem-solution has three main parts: topic sentence introduces the
solution to a problem, body sentences explain the problem and solution and ending sentence
which calls readers to action.
 Example:

Obesity among adults showed a gradually increasing trend as it has become one of the major
problems in the Philippines nowadays. This problem is made worse by bad habits such as lack of
physical activity, excessive smoking and unhealthy diets. Aside from healthier eating habits, one
solution to this would be to exercise on a daily basis. There are even easy and convenient ways to
exercise at home or even at work. That’s why, before it’s too late, obese adults should take this into
consideration before it aggravates and might lead to more complicated illnesses.

Explanation
:
In this paragraph, the writer presented the problem about obesity among adults. It is already
presented in the topic sentence. The body sentences then explained the problem, stated even the
causes of the problem. The phrase, ‘one solution’ signals the discussion of the writer of resolving the
problem followed by a call of action in the ending sentence to provoke an immediate response from
the Filipino adults who experience obesity.

Here are some key points for you to remember about Problem-
Solution:
states a concerning issue or a
problem then the solution or
Presents a problem that
what should be done to solve the
needs to be resolved.
issue.

has three main parts:

topic sentence, body
Problem-Solution sentences and ending
sentence

Persuasion

→ In this pattern, the writer describes an issue and states his position in the issue. The writer’s primary
goal is to convince the readers to agree with the argument or claim being raised, based from a
particular topic.

→ A persuasive paragraph starts with a topic sentence. It states position or stand about something. The
body sentences explain the reasons supporting the position or stand, and the closing sentence reiterates
or intensifies the thesis statement.
Example:

Education is a right and not just a privilege. First of all, one of the rights of a child is the right to
education. He has the right to learn, to know, to explore and to discover. Thus, education must be
available for all without discrimination. Not one’s status in the society should dictate if one deserves
quality education or not. As observed, illiteracy of some affects everyone. Meanwhile, this problem of
illiteracy happens to someone who can’t afford school and is usually in the marginalized sectors.
Basically, education heals ignorance. Therefore, let education be given to everyone. Hence, education
is and should be a right. Government should strengthen and empower education for all.

Explanation
:

In this persuasive paragraph, the writer stated his stand on education as a right and not a privilege
clearly on his topic sentence. The body sentences supported the topic sentence with statements such as
“…one of the rights of a child is the right to education.” And on his closing sentences, he reiterated and
intensified his stand saying, “Therefore, let education be given to everyone. Hence, education is and
should be a right.” that clearly supported the topic sentence.

Here are some key points for you to remember about Persuasion:

Writer’s primary goal is to A persuasive paragraph has

Describes an issue
convince the readers to topic sentences, body
and states his position
agree with the argument sentences and concluding
in the issue.
or claim being raised sentence.

Persuasion
 What Is It

Wonderful! You made it this far. Now, let’s check your understanding based on the discussions about
the patterns of written text. Answer all the activities below and let’s see how much you learned. Let’s
start!

Point It Out!

A
Directions: Choose one (1) set among the given sets of patterns of written texts that you want to
compare and contrast with each other. Then point out the similarities and differences of the patterns
that you chose orally.

Set 1: Set 2: Set 3: Set 4: Set 5:

Narration Definition Exemplification Cause & Problem-
and and and Effect and Solution and
Description Exemplification Classification Comparison & Persuasion
Contrast

B
Directions: Identify what pattern of written text is used in the statements. Write your answers on the
space provided.

I will never forget the salty summer

Last Monday, I heard a scratching
on my window sill. The next day, I
heard it again. The next day after it,
I heard it again. That time, I checked
outside, and it was my lost cat.
breeze last time I went to the beach.
I love to hear the waves crashing the
big boulders of rock. It’s also
refreshing to dive in the deep blue
sea.

1. Answer: _________________________ 2. Answer: _______________________________