Ground Treatment Methods

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1. Soil-Cement stabilization
• Stabilization using cement and other admixtures such as
ash,
fly blast slag has been adopted in many
furnace
geotechnical highway engineering
applications include
and projects. These
A. Shallow depth applications in the case of improvement
ofsubgrade, sub-base and base course of highways
and embankment material
B. Stabilization of deep soil deposits such as soft soils and
peaty soils.

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Factors influencing the strength and stiffness
improvement

 Cement content, water content into

combined
water/cement(w/c) ratio.
 Method of compaction.
 Time elapsed between mixing and compaction.
 Length of curing.
 Temperature and humidity.
 Specimen size and boundary effects.

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Chemical reaction between soil and hardening agents.
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• Van Riessen and Hansen (1989) showed that
soil cement is an excellent combination and
used for retaining berms for coal piles which
performed well over 25 years.
• The soil cement was mixed in a pug-mill and
placed using a modified asphalt paver.

AASHTO Cement Cohesion (kPa) Slope

Soil Content Angle
(Percent) (Degree)
A-2-4 0-8.0 138-690 29-49
A-1-b 0-5.0 69-655 38-55
A-4 0-9.5 5-125 37-45

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4. Soil Mixing & Deep Soil
Mixing

DSM-rig with triple mixing tool 6

Mixing tools used for different soils

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 Process of deep soil Mixing

Ejection of slurry

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Examples of DSM column patterns

Exposed DSM
columns for a bridge
support

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Shallow Soil Mixing

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