EAST WEST INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
“PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY REDMUD AND SAND
BY GRANITE POWDER”
Presented by
AKASH L GANIYAR 1EW15CV009
BASAVALING 1EW15CV019
ADARSH.B.B 1EW18CV401
AISHWARYA.V.S 1EW17CV005
Under the guidance of
RAJESHWARI
Asst Prof
CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
a. GENERAL
2.LITERATUREREVIEW
1.METHODOLOGYANDMATERIAL
2.MATERIALUSED
a. CEMENT
b. FINE AGGREGATE
c. WATER
d. REDMUD
e. GRANITEPOWDER
f. COARSEAGGREGATE
INTRODUCTION
a. GENERAL
1.Concrete is the most widely used construction material
worldwide
2.Because of its adapt ability and low cost it lends itself to a
wide range of applications, from building to bridge and other
infrastructure facilities.
3.Its main disadvantage is its low tensile strength and fracture
toughness.
4.Replacing natural raw materials with wastes may offer as
much sought-after Opportunity to mitigate today's waste
management problems.
.
5.Even if this is done in small amounts, high production rates
will translate into significant consumption of waste
materials
6.Because of its adapt ability and low cost it lends it self to a
wide range of applications, from building to bridge and
other infrastructure facilities
7.Its main disadvantage is its low tensile strength and
fracture toughness.
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.In the recent past good attempts have been made for
the successful utilization of various industrial by
products(such as flyash ,rice husk as hand blast furnace
slag)as to save environmental pollution.
2.In addition to this an alternative source for the potential
replacement of natural aggregate in concrete has
gained good attention.
3.There cycled concrete aggregate flyash ,blast furnace
slag, as well as several types of manufactured aggregate
have been studied by many researchers.
4.Researches have been conducted indifferent parts of the
world to study the effect of incorporation of granite
dust in concrete
RESEARCHERS

Name Title Year of Publication

The results of an
experimental study on the
Kanmalai Williams high performance conc. 2008
with granite powder as
fine aggt.
The addition of granite
dust improved the strength
Sivakumar A. properties of concrete 2011
compared to that of
conventional concrete.
Strength behavior of
Divakar Y. concrete with the use of 2012
granite fines as an
addition.
 Name Title Year of Publication
Experimental study on
Prasad N Bishetti utilization of industrial 2014
waste in concrete.
Experimentally behavior
Sither pateliya p of red mud in concrete
and checked out various 2017
mechanical properties.
Experimental study of
Pavan Kumar.R the possibility of
utilizing the waste red 2016
mud and quarry dust in
cement concrete.
METHODOLOGY AND MATERIALS
1.METHODOLOGY
The aim is to determine the characteristics of constituent
material sand strength of Concrete produced by replacing
cement by Redmud and natural sand by granite powder.
Several Experimental works are carried out. Thus the work
study is laboratory oriented.
1. The materials such as cement ,fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate,redmud,granitepowder,M25Grade concrete and
Required slum pare chosen.
2.Thematerialshavebeencollectedfrom specific location and
Properties have been studied.
3.Usingtheseproperties,mixdesigniscarriedoutwithsuitablew/crati
oofM25gradeconcrete.
4.Requiredslumpisobtainedexperimentallybyslumpcone
test.
5.Concrete cubes, using Redmud as a partial replacement of cement
and granite powder as a Partial replacement of fine aggregate will
be cast to study the compressive strength of concrete. Then the
cubes will be tested in compressive testing machine.
6.The compressive strength of the concrete will be determined by
using 150mm concrete cube specimens.
7.The specimens will be tested at 7,14and28 days age.
8.Using these test results suitable graphs are plotted.
8.Conclusions are drawn based on test result.
MATERIALS USED
a. Cement
b. Water
c. Redmud
d. Granite Powder
e. Coarse Aggregate
f. Fine Aggregate
CEMENT
1.Cement used is Ordinary Portland Cement.
2.Numerous organic compounds used for adhering, or fastening
materials, are called cements
3.In the absence of impurities, the color would be white, but neither the
color or the specific Gravity is attest of quality
.4.Ordinary Portland cement(OPC)-53grade(Ram co Cement)was used
WATER
1.Water fit for drinking is generally considered fit for making concrete.
2.Water should be free from acids ,alkalis , vegetables or other organic
impurities.
3.Soft waters Also produced weaker concrete
4.Water has two functions in a concrete mix.
5.Suspension until the cement paste has harden. Secondly ,it serves as a
vehicleor lubricant in the mixture of fine aggregates and cement
RED MUD
1.Redmud as is a waste material generated by the Bayer Process
widely used to produce alumina from bauxite Through out the
world.
2.The aim of the present research work was to investigate the
possibility of replacing the Portland cement by redmud.
3.Because of storing issues , the waste negatively affects the
environmental.
4.This study examines the effects of redmud on the properties of
hardened concrete.
5.The test results show that how its compressive strength & splitting
Tensile strength decreases with increase redmud content
GRANITE POWDER
1.It is defined in common commercial practice to include almost
any hard(harder than glass or steel),crystalline stone that
accepts a high
Polish that is not marble ,limestone ,travertine ,sandstone or
other softer, common stone.
2.See ASTM Specification C-119 for another definition of granite.
3.It usually contains small quantities of mica or hornblende, and
minor accessory minerals maybe present.
4.Depending on the feldspar present, granite may be pink , dark
gray, or light gray.
5.Granite is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive
,felsic ,igneous rock
COARSE AGGREGATES
1.Aggregate in concrete is a structural filler ,but its role is more
important than what that simple statement implies
2.Aggregate occupies most of the volume of the concrete.
3.It is the stuff that the cement paste coat sand binds together.
4.The composition ,shape, and size of the aggregate all have
significant impact on the workability, durability ,strength
,weight , and shrinkage of the concrete.
5.Riversand issued as a fine aggregate,20mmdown size of coarse
aggregate issued for Normal strength concrete and 12 down
size of aggregates are used for self compacting concrete
 TEST PERFORMED

1.TEST ON FRESH CONCRET

a. workability Test
a.1 Slump Test

2.TEST ON HARDENED CONCRET

a. Compressive Strength Test
 Slump Test

• Slump test is used to measuring consistency of the concrete. Which

can be employed either in laboratory or at site of work
• It is not suitable for very wet or very dry concrete.
• Apparatus for conducting slump test consist of metallic mould in the
form of cone.
Cone dimension used
Bottom Dia 20cm
Top Dia 10cm
Height 30 cm
Thickness of the mould should not be less than 1.6mm
Steel tamping rod 16mm dia and 0.6m long.
 PROCEDURE FOR SLUMP TEST
• The internal surface of the mould is thoroughly cleaned and freed
from superfluous moisture and adherence of any old set concrete
before commencing the test. The mould is placed on a smooth,
horizontal ,rigid and non-absorbent surface. The mould is filled in
four layer ,each approximately 1/4th of the height of the mould. Each
layer is tamped 25 times by the tamping rod taking care to distribute
the stroke evenly over the cross section. After the top layer has been
rodded, the concrete is struck off level with a trowel and tamping rod
.The mould is removed from the concrete immediately by raising it
slowly and carefully in a vertical direction. This allows the concrete to
subside. This subsidence is refered as slump of concrete. The
difference in level between the height of the mould and that of the
highest point of the sunsided concrete is measured. This difference in
height in mm is taken as slump of concrete.
SLUMP TEST FOR NORMAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
 TEST ON HARDENED CONCRETE
Compressive strength
Cubes are used for testing compressive strength. The cubes are
tested in a compressive testing machine of capacity of 100 tones.
Load is applied in such a way that the two opposite sides of the
cubes are compressed. The load at which the specimen ultimately
fails is noted. Compressive strength is calculated by load by area of
the specimen.
Fc=P/A
Where,
Fc=Cube compressive strength in N/mm2
P=Cube compressive load causing failure in N
A=Cross sectional area in mm2
• These cubes are tested for each curing period say, 7 days ,
14 days and 28 days. The average of the three specimen
strength are calculated and then taken compressive
strength of the set.
• For the determination of compressive strength 150mm *
1500mm* 1501T11TL size standard moulds are used to
prepare the cubes. Concrete cubes are prepared. The cube
specimens are compacted using table vibrator. They are
demoulded after 24hours and water cured for 7,14,28 days.
Procedure for compressive strength test on concrete cubes
• Calculated the quantity of materials required with the concrete of
given proportion by mass with w/c ratio of 0.36.
• Place the materials i.e. cement, Red mud, granite powder and coarse
aggregate in the trowel. And mix them thoroughly until the uniform
concrete is obtained.
• Pour the concrete in the mould giving 25 blows with tamping rod in 3
layers. And leave the mould for 24 hours at room temperature.
• After 24 hours remove the moulds and keep the cubes the cubes in
water for curing.
• Test the cubes for their compressive strength after 7 days , 14 days
and 28 days. Calculate the mean compressive strength
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
• The methodology consisting of developing concrete mixes and
different hardened properties, compressive strength and split tensile
strength. The materials used are cement, fine aggregate and Granite
dust along with suitable amount of red mud the specimens of cube
are casted.
Compressive Strength Test
A cube of size 150 x 150mm x 150mm is casted for each case with
partial of replacement of cement with varying percentage of Red mud
and sand with Granite powder content. Then cubes casted are cured in
open atmosphere as usual for different ages. Further these cured cubes
are tested in laboratory for different ages like 7,14,28 days in
compression testing machine. The failure load is recorded in each case
hence compressive strength for each trial mixes.
Normal concrete
Table compressive strength of normal concrete
 CONCLUSIONS AND SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK
CONCLUSION
1. Replacement of fine aggregate with ganite powder is found to
improve the strength of concrete. The results show the improvement of
10.14% increase in compressive strength then the conventional
concrete in the optimal mix.
2. The optimal dosage replacement is found to be 20% gives the
compressive strength of 25.13MPa
3. Utilization of granite will avoid the disposal problem and related
environmental issues.
4. Utilization of granite powder will reduce the usage of river sand and
conserve natural resource.
5. Hence, the use of granite powder by partially replacing the sand is
recommended where granite powder is available and economic analysis
is in favour of its usage.
 SCOPE OF WORK
1.The study can be carried out for other grade of concrete.
2. durability studies can be carried out for different grades of concrete.