Special Issue - Aggregates

TECHNICAL PAPER

Quartz and feldspar as alternate coarse aggregates

for sustainable concrete construction
M.V. Krishna Rao, P. Rathish Kumar and Seshadri Sekhar Tirumala

The construction industry today is facing severe shortage of materials including coarse aggregates which are fast
depleting. This has created a need to use alternate construction materials that are sustainable. The main focus of this
work is on the production of ordinary, standard and high strength concretes, using alternate aggregates such as quartz
and Feldspar replacing the conventional coarse aggregate. The suitability of these materials is assessed by investigating
the mechanical properties of such concretes. The results of mechanical properties are encouraging in case of ordinary
and standard grades as compared to high strength concretes. Certain relations are established between mechanical
properties of concretes developed based on various aggregates considered in this work.

Keywords: Quartz; feldspar; mechanical properties; aggregates; suitability; sorptivity.

Introduction of India, making the future for the construction sector

The construction industry is a prominent consumer
of raw materials of several types and among them
aggregate is important for all the construction activities.
Aggregates occupy about 70% by volume of concrete and
the quality of concrete largely depends on the properties
and chemical composition of the source of aggregates.
The demand of aggregates in 2007 has seen an increase by
five percent, to over 21 billion tones and it was reported
that construction industry’s global requirement of natural
aggregate has been fluctuating at around 8-10 billion tons
annually after the year 2010 [1]. The dominant rock for
coarse aggregate production in India is generally granite
while the majority of sand is collected from river beds.
These raw materials used in construction are largely
naturally occurring non-renewable resources and hence
the judicious use of these materials is important. Depletion
of aggregates has emerged as a problem in many places
The Indian Concrete Journal, January 2017, Vol. 91, Issue 1, pp. 16-23.
gloomy [2]. Replacing a part of the natural aggregate with
alternatives has the benefits of reducing the quarrying of
aggregates, the amounts of disposed waste materials and
the associated environmental and social impacts [3]. Use
of secondary and recycled aggregates in construction
products contribute to sustainable construction. This
paper addresses to evaluate the potential use of Quartz
and Feldspar as alternate aggregates in concrete, keeping
in view the sustainability in construction.
Background
Akhtaruzzaman and Hasnat; and Khaloo [4, 5], studied
the engineering properties of concrete containing crushed
brick and clinker as coarse aggregate. The properties of
brick aggregate based concrete were comparable with
stone aggregate concrete. Mansur et al. [6], compared
the properties of stone aggregate concrete with those of
equivalent brick aggregate concrete obtained by replacing

16 The Indian Concrete Journal January 2017


TECHNICAL PAPER
stone with an equal volume of crushed brick, everything
else remaining the same. Khalaf and DeVenny [7],
investigated on the thermal properties of brick aggregate
concrete and found that brick aggregate concrete
performs similar and even better than granite aggregate
concrete at elevated temperature. Debieb and Kenai [8],
showed that it is possible to produce concrete containing
crushed bricks (coarse and fine) with characteristics
similar to those of natural aggregate concrete provided
the percentage of brick aggregates is limited to 25 and
50% for coarse and fine aggregates respectively. Rashid
et al. [2], investigated the properties of higher strength
concrete using brick aggregate. Cachim [9], studied the
mechanical properties of brick aggregate concrete by
partially replacing natural stone aggregate with brick
aggregate and it was reported that there was no reduction
of strength upto 15% replacement. Nadeem and Pofale
[10], presented the results of investigations carried out
to evaluate effects of replacing aggregate (coarse and
fine) with that of slag on various concrete properties.
Dey and Pal [11], made an effort to check the feasibility
of using brick aggregate made of locally available brick
in standard concrete (M25 to M55 as per IS: 456-2000). It
was concluded that standard concrete can be made using
crushed brick aggregate which have very good heat
resistance upto a temperature of 600oC. Loon et al. [12],
summarized investigations on the exploitation of solid
wastes in construction and discussed the obstacles in
achieving commercialization.
Research Significance
Special Issue - Aggregates
concrete on replacing crushed granite in concrete with
quartz and feldspar. Tests are conducted to determine
mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile,
flexural and impact strengths and sorptivity of the
concrete mixes considered.
Materials
Cement
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 53 grade conforming
to IS 12269:2013 [13] with a specific gravity of 3.12 was
used. The standard consistency, initial & final setting
times, and fineness were found to be 32%, 40 min & 178
min, and 6.2% respectively.
Fine aggregate
River sand conforming to Zone-II of IS 383:1970 [14] was
used .
Coarse aggregate
Properly graded crushed granite of 20 mm maximum
size conforming to IS 383:1970 [14] was used as coarse
aggregate. Two other types of aggregates, namely Quartz
and Feldspar of the same size are used in the experimental
investigation. The particle-size distribution (Gradation)
curves of all aggregates are shown in Figure 1. It can be
observed that all the materials are well-graded and the
curves for Quartz and Feldspar aggregates have almost
overlapped, indicating uniform gradation and the curves
are close to that of crushed granite aggregate.

With an exponential increase in the population, the

infrastructural demand is also increasing day-by-
day leading to a near-exhaust state of conventional
construction materials such as sand (fine aggregate) and
crushed stone aggregate (coarse aggregate). To address
this issue, research world is focusing on the exploration
of suitable alternative materials for concrete making.
The present study is taken up to evaluate the suitability
of quartz and feldspar as coarse aggregates in concrete
production. The main focus of this work is to develop
three grades of concrete i.e. M20, M40, and M60, using
alternative aggregates (Quartz or Feldspar). These
aggregates completely replace the conventional coarse
aggregate in concrete mixes considered. The suitability of
these aggregates for concrete production is assessed by
investigating the fresh and hardened state properties of

The Indian Concrete Journal January 2017 17

 Special Issue - Aggregates
TECHNICAL PAPER
Water The water sorptivity tests were also conducted on
Potable water was used in the experimental work for both 100 mm cube specimens. The compression, flexure and
mixing and curing. split tension tests were conducted as per IS 516:1959 [18]
and IS 5816:1999 [19] respectively.
Super plasticizer
Conplast SP-430, conforming to IS 9103:1999 [15], a Impact test
sulphonated Naphthalene Formaldehyde (SNF) solution Falling weight (Drop ball) test method [20] was employed
was used as super plasticizer in the study. to determine the impact resistance of concrete specimens.
The impact strength is measured by number of blows
Mix proportioning and casting of exerted on a tested specimen before it fails to exhibit
specimens
rebound. Impact loading is applied on the specimens by
M20 and M40 grade concretes were designed as per releasing 16.6 kg weight from a height of 250 mm to hit
IS 10262:2009 [16] while M60 grade of concrete was
the concrete specimens of M20 and M40 grades and from
designed using Erntroy and Shacklock Method [17]. Super
a height of 386 mm for M60 grade concrete specimens.
plasticizer was used in some of the mixes to achieve the
Blows are applied till the first crack appears at the top of
required workability. The mixes were designated based on
the type of aggregate and grade of concrete. For example, the specimen. The number of blows required to produce
specimens designated as CG20, QZ20 and FS20 represent the first visible crack on top was noted and converted into
M20 grade concretes made using crushed granite, quartz the impact strength (Joules).
and Feldspar as coarse aggregates respectively.
Sorptivity test
The test program consisted of casting 189 standard
The 100 mm cube specimens were used to conduct
specimens including 27 prisms (500 x 100 x 100 mm),
sorptivity test [21], with water as the test fluid, after 28
54 cubes of 150 mm size, 27 cubes of 100 mm size, 54
cylinders (10 cm dia 15 cm ht) and 27 discs (165.1 mm days of conventional wet curing. The sorptivity can
dia 63.5 mm ht). The mixing of the concrete was carried be determined by the measurement of capillary rise
out by weight batching in an electrical drum mixer of 60 absorption rate. The test specimen was sealed on all the
lts capacity. At the end of the casting the top surface was four sides other than top and bottom faces. The water
made plane. After 24 hours of casting, the specimens were level was kept not more than 5 mm above the base of the
removed from the moulds and immersed in fresh water, specimen. The quantity of absorbed fluid at the endnotof more tha
was kept
maintaining an ambient temperature of 27±2o C and 90%
relative humidity for 28 days. was kept not every more 30 than minutes
5 mm was aboverecorded
the base byofweighing the specimen.
of every
the specimen. The30quantity
minutesofwa

was kept not more than 5 mm above the base of the specimen. of every The30 Sorptivity
minutes
quantity ofwas isrecorded
calculated
absorbed byat
fluid using
weighing the relation,
the end =
the specimen. , , Where, sisiscalcu
Where,
s √ Sorptivity sorp
  ∆
of every 30 minutes was recorded by weighing the specimen. , Where, ssisisiscalculated
= Sorptivity sorptivityusing
sorptivity inin the; ;relation,
t tisisthe
the elapsed
elapsed
s time(gms);
time in
in min;
min; A and
= surface
and I = are
.
;
 Tests on Hardened Concrete √ √
= , Where, s is sorptivity in ; t is the elapsed time (gms);
in min;Aand = surface
∆
I == .area; ;∆W
∆W of==specimen
increase
increase inthrough
in weight
weight which
(gms);water (gm/cm
A = penetrates
surface area
3).
mm2; and
√ √
The compression test, split tensile test, flexure test
(gms); A = surface area of specimen through which water penetrates mm and
(gm/cm 3).
; and d = through
of specimen
2 the density which of water 2
water penetrates
mm ; and d
impact
(gm/cm 3). test were carried out. The stress-strain behaviour 3
per were
IS: 5161959 [18], u
= the density of 28
After water
days(gm/cm
of curing, ). the cylinders tested under
and water sorptivity tests were also carried out. The values of modulli
After 28 were
days of curing, perwere
the cylinders IS: 5161959 [18], using
tested under a compressometer
uniaxial compression ason a 3000kN capacity digital comp
150 x 150 x 150 mm cubes used for determining Thethevalues of modulli of elasticity were calculated for different concretes conside
per IS: 5161959 [18], using a compressometer on a 3000kN capacity digital Modulus compression testing
of elasticity machine. 
compressive strength of concrete while cylinders (150
The values of modulli of elasticity were calculated for different concretes considered in this study. 
mm diameter and 300 mm height), prisms (100 x 100 x
500 After 28 days of curing, the cylinders were Fig.2 testedshows underthe variat

mm) and discs (165.1 mm dia 63.5 mm ht) were used 
for
 Fig.2 shows the variation of 28 day compressive strength with gradeaoftypes
uni-axial compression as per IS: 516-1959 with
[18], different
using concreof
testing of splitting tensile strength and flexural strength/ coarse
Fig.2 shows the variation of 28 day compressive strengthwith withdifferent
grade of types of aggregates.
compressometer
concrete It can
on a 3000
for concrete kNbecapacity
prepared noticed digital case of concrete cont2
that incompression aggregate The
modulus of rupture and impact resistance respectively. 12% & 21%, 6% & 12%
with different types of aggregates. It can be noticed that incoarse case ofaggregate
concrete
testing The 28–daycrushed
containing
machine. compressive
granite
The values strengths
of as
modulli ofofquartz and
elasticity feldspar
weregrade aggre
The stress-strain behaviour was evaluated based12% on& 21%, 6% & 12%, and 15% & 14.5% lower than the concrete made with M40 & M60 con
coarse aggregate The 28–day compressive strengths of quartz and feldspar aggregatefor
calculated concretes have
different been
concretes considered in this
testing standard target mean strengths
12% & 21%, 6% & 12%,cylinder
and 15%under
& 14.5%uni-axial
lower compression.
than theM40
concrete& M60madegrade with concretes
crushedrespectively.
granite for M20, M20 & M40 grade concretes with qua
study. Hence, their use may b
M40 & M60 grade concretes respectively. M20 & M40 grade concretes with quartz and feldspar attained concrete they could not reach th
target mean strengths but in case of M60 grade
target mean strengths but in case of M60 grade concrete they Hence,couldtheir
notuse
reach maythe be characteristic
limited to ordinary strength.and standard grade concretes only.

Hence, their use may be limited to ordinary and standard grade concretes only. Fig.3 shows the varia
18 The Indian Concrete Journal January 2017 
Fig.3 shows the variation of split tensile strength with grade tensileofstrength
concrete.of Itconc

 Special Issue - Aggregates
TECHNICAL PAPER

Results and discussion

Effect of type of coarse aggregate on
compressive strength
Figure 2 shows the variation of 28 day compressive
strength with grade of concrete for concrete prepared
with different types of aggregates. It can be noticed that
in case of concrete containing crushed granite as coarse
aggregate The 28–day compressive strengths of quartz
and feldspar aggregate concretes have been 12% & 21%,
6% & 12%, and 15% & 14.5% lower than the concrete
made with crushed granite for M20, M40 & M60 grade
concretes respectively. M20 & M40 grade concretes with
quartz and feldspar attained target mean strengths but
in case of M60 grade concrete they could not reach the
characteristic strength. Hence, their use may be limited to
ordinary and standard grade concretes only.
containing crushed granite aggregate in cases of M20,
Effect of type of coarse aggregate on split M40 and M60 grades of concrete respectively.
tensile strength
Figure 3 shows the variation of split tensile strength with Effect of type of coarse aggregate on flexural
grade of concrete. It can be seen that the split tensile strength
strength of concrete made with Quartz and Feldspar Figure 4 shows the variation of 28-day flexural strength
minerals as coarse aggregates is 2.25% & 9.65%, 0.8% with cube compressive strength of concrete. It could be
& 2.3%, and 8.61% & 9.21% less than that of concrete seen that the flexural strength of concrete with Quartz and
Feldspar aggregates were found to be 7.14% & 15.38%,
15.78% & 17.85%, and 5.88% & 2.85% lesser than that of
concrete containing crushed granite as coarse aggregate
in cases of M20, M40 and M60 grades of concretes
respectively.

The Indian Concrete Journal January 2017 19


TECHNICAL PAPER
Effect of type of coarse aggregate on impact
strength
Figure 5 shows the variation of impact strength, for
various grades of concretes considered. The impact
strength of concretes with Quartz and Feldspar
aggregates were 56% & 44%, 45% & 47%, and 3% & 25%
less than that of concrete containing crushed granite as
coarse aggregate in case of M20, M40 and M60 grades
of concretes respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded
that the concretes with Feldspar as coarse aggregate have
higher impact resistance compared to those with Crushed
Granite and Quartz aggregates.
20 The Indian Concrete Journal January 2017
Special Issue - Aggregates
Stress-strain behaviour of concrete with
different aggregates
Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the stress-strain behaviour of
concretes made using different types of aggregates.
The strains at ultimate stress for quartz and feldspar
aggregate concretes were respectively 25% & 45%, 30% &
50%, and 40% & 50% more than those of crushed granite
aggregate in M20, M40 and M60 grades of concrete. The
area under stress-strain curves for Quartz and Feldspar
aggregate concretes are found to be comparable with that
of Crushed Granite aggregate concrete, indicating that the
energy absorption capacities are also comparable. Also,
it is clear from the stress-strain curves that the crushed
granite is more brittle compared to the concretes made of
Quartz and Feldspar.
 Special Issue - Aggregates
TECHNICAL PAPER
Relation between modulus of elasticity and concrete. The above discussion leads to the conclusion that
compressive strength the effect of type of coarse aggregate is much significant
The variation of the Initial tangent modulus, also known on modulus of elasticity than compressive strength
as “Short term static modulus of elasticity (Ec)” [22] is of concrete, and it is in line with the findings of earlier
estimated in each of curves in Figures 6, 7 and 8. With the researches [22, 23]. This influence could be attributed
increase in strength of concrete there is an increase in the to the highly dense paste structure and paste-aggregate
elastic modulus of concretes made with different types bond that caused the concrete to behave like a composite
of aggregates used in the investigation. The empirical material.
relations between Ec and fck , both in MPa, for concretes
of different aggregates are as follows. These values are
arrived as average values for all the three grades of Effect of type of coarse aggregate on water
concrete. sorptivity
Figure 9 depicts the variation of water sorptivity with
Ec Ec== 48855138 f …… … For Quartz Crushed GraniteConcrete
Aggregate Aggregate grade of
concrete. Feldspar(5)aggregate concrete is found
Concrete ... (4) to possess superior sorptivity (low absorption) among
Ec = 4650  …… For Feldspar Aggregate Concrete the three concrete grades(6)considered while concretes
= 4885 … For ForQuartz
QuartzAggregate
Aggregate Concrete
Concrete ... (5) with Quartz
 aggregate (5)
Ecc 
4885 f …… performed better than those of
          crushed granite
  aggregate.
 The 
sorptivity was 63.22%
     
Ec = 4650  …… For Feldspar Aggregate Concrete      
and 31.81%    
 less in case of 
(6)feldspar andquartz aggregate
 
4650 f … …… ForForFeldspar
QuartzAggregate
Aggregate Concrete
Concrete ... (6)
Ecc 
= 4885  (5)
based concrete compared to crushed granite aggregate
                  


E = 
 4650 …… For
  Feldspar
 Aggregate   based
Concrete concrete.
c 

   (6)  

                   
Thus, the estimated elastic modulli of quartz and feldspar


 
  

aggregate   

concretes are 
5% and 

9.5% lesser 
 
to 
 
compared  
  
   
  
            Conclusions

       

that of crushed granite aggregate concrete.
     The relatively
      conducted,

 Based on the study   the
following conclusions
low
 modulus of elasticity
 for concretes
with feldspar

               
are drawn:

aggregate could be attributed to the soft nature of the





aggregates, resulting in a more ductile mode of failure of

             
 1. In view of the depletion of natural aggregates,



alternative aggregates such as quartz and feldspar

 
         
  
are attempted and the  are in favour of the
results


 
use of these aggregates for developing a sustainable



concrete.
 


              
     


 
          2. The type
 
  of coarse

  aggregate has a significant effect
 

 

on the compressive strength of concrete. Quartz
 
 
             aggregate     
performed better than feldspar hence
   


           use
 of feldspar
 
  may be 
 limited to ordinary and
 

  
  
 
   
   

 
   
standard 
grade
   
concretes. 

 

       f  f  f   
     
         

 

 
 3. The average reduction in compressive, split tensile

 
                 


and flexural strengths of concretes with Quartz
  

 
 
 
  
   f


 
 f
  f
 and 
Feldspar

  
as coarse
 
aggregates
 have been 11%


               & 15%, 4% &
 7%, and 9.6% & 12% less compared to
 
  
       f  f  f crushed 
granite 
aggregate 
based concrete in M20,




 M40 and M60 grades of

concrete respectively.
  
   
 
  
      
 


   
 



              
 
             
  
The Indian Concrete Journal January 2017 21


 
  
  
  
  
   
  
 
 
 Special Issue - Aggregates
TECHNICAL PAPER
4. The Impact resistance of feldspar aggregate based 9. Cachim, P. B.(2009), “Mechanical properties of brick aggregate
concrete is superior to the concrete with crushed concrete,” Construction and Building Materials”, 23(3), 1292-
granite aggregate. 1297.

10. Nadeem, M., and Pofale, A.D. (2012), “Experimental Investigation

of using slag as an alternative to normal aggregate (coarse and
5. The stress-strain curves for different types of
fine) in concrete, international Journal of Civil and Structural
concretes are proposed. The normalized stresses Engineering, 3(1), 117-127.
are 25-40%, 30-50% and 40-50% more for quartz
11. Dey, G., and Pal, J.(2013), “Use of Brick Aggregate in Standard
and feldspar aggregate concretes compared to the
Concrete and Its Performance in Elevated Temperature.” IACSIT
crushed granite based in case of M20, M40 and
International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5(4), 523-
M60 grades of concrete respectively.
526.

12. Loon, L.Y., Karim, T.A., Rahman, I.A., Boon, K.H., Hani, S.,
6. There is a decrease in the modulus of elasticity of Nagapan,S., Reza,F.Y., and Jung, C.T. (2013), “Alternative
quartz and feldspar based concretes compared to Aggregates for Sustainable Construction. International Journal
crushed granite based concretes and the values are of Zero Waste Generation, 1(1), 1-10.
5138 fEc =,……
Ec = 4885 4885
4885For ……
and
fQuartz
E For
4650
c = 4885 Quartz
Aggregate……Aggregate
f respectively
Concrete Concrete
for
For Quartz Aggregate Concrete
  (5) (5)
 (5)
13. IS: 12269-2013. Indian Standard Specification for Ordinary
concretes containing crushed granite, quartz and Portland cement-53 Grade (First Revision), Bureau of Indian
Ec = 4650 E
 c = ……
4650For E……
FeldsparFor
c = 4650 Feldspar
Aggregate
 …… Aggregate
Concrete Concrete
For Feldspar Aggregate Concrete
  (6) (6)
 (6)
feldspar aggregates respectively. Standards, New Delhi.



14. IS: 383-1970 (Reaffirmed 1997). Indian Standard Specification for

     

 

 

 

 

 


 


 

 

  
  
          coarse and
 fine Aggregates
    from Natural
  Source
 for 
 concrete,

References   

  


 
  
  

 

 

 
  
  
     
Bureau of Indian Standards, New

 Delhi.

1.  
Yang 

K.H., Chung, 

H.S., and 

 
Ashour, 

A.F.  


(2008),  

“Influence  

of 
  
 
  
  

 
  
  
  
  
15. IS: 9103-1999 Indian Standard Specification for Concrete



Type and replacement Level of Recycled Aggregate on concrete
Admixtures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
Properties”, 


ACI Materials Journal, 105(3), 289-296.
16. IS: 10262-2009 Indian Standard Concrete Mix Proportioning-

2. 
Rashid, M.A., Hossain, T, and 
Islam, M.A. (2009), “Properties
Guidelines (First Revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, New


of higher strength 
concrete made with crushed brick as coarse
 of
 
  

 
  

  

 
 Delhi.

 
 
 
 

 

  

   
aggregate”. Journal Civil Engineering (IEB), 37(1), 43-52.



17. Krishna Raju, N. Design of Concrete Mixes, 4th Edition (2009):
Hassan, K.E.,
3. 
Sanders, P.J., and
Nicholls, J.C. (2004), “Development
 CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.
 of asphalt and 
concrete products incorporating alternative
aggregates”,
 
unpublished Project Report, PR CPS/08/04, PII 18. IS: 516-1959 Method of test for strength of concrete. Bureau of
Reference: 

F-02-TAR1. 
Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
 
 
 
4. Akhtaruzzaman, A. A and Hasnat, A. (1983), “Properties



19. IS: 5816-1999 Method of test for Splitting Tensile Strength of
of Concrete Using Crushed Brick as Aggregate”, Concrete
 
 
 
Concrete (First Revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New
International, 5(2), 58-63.



Delhi, India.
 
 
 
5. Khaloo, A. R. (1994), “Properties of Concrete Using Crushed
 
   
 
 
  

 


 

  


 
20.
ACI 
 

Committee 

 

544 

(1978),
   


“Measurement of 
  
properties of 
Clinker Brick as Coarse Aggregate”, ACI Materials Journal, 91(2),



fibre reinforced concrete”, American Concrete Institute Journal,
401-407.
  
  
 
   
 
 

 

 

  
 
  
 
  

 
 
   
Proceedings, 75(7), 283-290.
  
6. Mansur, M. A., Wee, T. H. and Cheran, L. S. (1999), “Crushed
  

 
21. Hall, C. (1989), “Water sorptivity of mortars and concretes: A
Bricks as Coarse Aggregate for Concrete”, ACI Materials Journal,

 



review”, Magazine of Concrete  

Research, 
41(147), 51-61.  
96(4), 478-484.



    
7. Khalaf, F. M., and DeVenny, A. S.
      
 

(2004), 
 
  

“Performance 
of


brick 
 
  
22.

Baalbaki,  

W.,  
Benmokrane, 

 
 and

B., Chaallal, 
O., 
Aitcin,  
P.C. (1991),
  
 

 

 
 

f
aggregate concrete at high temperatures,” Journal of Materialsin 

 f
f
 
  f
“Influence

 f
f 
of
  Coarse
 f

 f 

Aggregate
on Elastic

f 
 
Properties of
 High-
 



Civil Engineering, ASCE, 16(6), 556-565. Performance Concrete”, ACI Materials Journal, 88(5), 499-503.
  
8. Debieb, F., and Kenai, S.(2008), “The use of coarse and fine crushed 23. Rashid, M., Mansur, M., and Paramasivam, P. (2002), “Correlations
  
bricks as aggregate in concrete”, Construction and Building between Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete”, ASCE
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  
Materials, 22(5), 886-893.
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Journal
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of 
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Materials  
Engineering,
in Civil 
 
  
   
14(3), 230-238.



 
 
 
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  
 
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  
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  
  
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22 The Indian Concrete
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Journal January 
2017
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 Special Issue - Aggregates
TECHNICAL PAPER

Dr. M.V. Krishna Rao , Professor , holds B.E (Civil Engineering), M.Tech (Structural Engineering), and
Ph.D (Civil Engineering) degrees received from Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology-Bhopal
(M.P), G.B.Pant University of agriculture &Technology–Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), and Osmania University-
Hyderabad (Telangana) respectively. Currently, Dr. Rao is on the staff of Civil Engineering, Chaitanya
Bharathi Institute of Technology-Hyderabad (TS) as a Professor of Civil Engineering). He has 27 years of
teaching experience and 50 research papers published to his credit in various National & International
Journals and Conference Proceedings. He is the Principal Investigator of an AICTE Project sanctioned
under Research Promotion Scheme (RPS). His research interests include Concrete making materials, Special
Concretes, Solid waste management, and Fuzzy logic applications in Construction Management.

Dr. P. Rathish Kumar, holds a Doctorate from Japan (Monbusho) and is a JSPS Fellow with a Post doctorate
from Japan. He is presently with the Structures Division of the Department of Civil Engineering at NIT
Warangal. At present he is working on new/alternate/low cost/ recyclable materials, self curing concrete,
special concretes, rehabilitation of structures and structural health monitoring. He has published many peer
reviewed technical papers in various International and National journals and conferences of repute. He is a
reviewer for several international journals and is a recipient of the Aftab Mufti Medal.

Dr. Seshadri Sekhar. T. holds an M.Tech (Structural Engg) and PhD (Structural Engg) from JNTU,
Hyderabad. He is Professor and Dean of NICMAR Hyderabad Campus, Telangana. He is specialised
in structural engineering and his research interests are concrete technology, High performance concrete
and special concretes.. Guided 2 Ph.D candidates Presently eight PhD candidates are working under his
supervision.. He is a member of ISTE, Fellow of ICI and Fellow of Institution of Engineers and has delivered
invited lectures in many organisations and institutions.

The Indian Concrete Journal January 2017 23