PRESENTATION ON

TCP/IP REFERENCE MODEL

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MS.KHUSHBOO CHEETU
LECTURER,COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, INDO GLOBAL COLLEGE
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
ENGINEERING IN CSE (4yrs)
submitted by
Ms. ROSEMELYNE WARTDE Roll-no:L-14229 Sem:5 TH/2016
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &ENGINEERING
 INTRODUCTION
 TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to allow cooperating
computers to share resources across a network.
 It becomes the language of the internet.
 TCP/IP are two protocols: Transmission Control Protocols
and Internet Protocols.
 These two protocols describe the movement of data.
 TCP/IP offers a simple naming and addressing scheme.
 The TCP corresponds to the transport layer, whereas IP
matches the network layer of the OSI model.
 Internet Protocol is connectionless.
 Using TCP protocol, a single large message is divided into a
sequence of packets
 HISTORY OF TCP/IP
 TCP/IP is the world's oldest data transmission protocol.
 The IP suite resulted from research and development
conducted by the DARPA in the late 1960s.
 In 1972, Robert E. Kahn joined the DARPA Information
Processing Technology Office.
 In the spring of 1973, Vinton Cerf, joined Kahn to work on
open-architecture interconnection models with the goal of
designing the next protocol generation for the ARPANET.
 The protocol was implemented as the Transmission Control
Program (TCP), first published in 1974.
 The Transmission Control Program was split into two
distinct protocols.
 A computer called a router is provided with an interface to
each network.
 FUNCTION OF TCP/IP

 TCP/IP is divided into two protocols: the TCP suite and the
IP suite.
 The TCP suite processes and handles data from
applications, while the IP suite is designed to accommodate
the transmission and receipt of application data across a
network.
 The TCP/IP is a combination of four different layers.
 TCP/IP tells the computer how to put together data
packets.
 The TCP/IP protocols determine how the information is
sent.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TCP AND IP

 The TCP/IP protocol relies on a series of steps, or layers, to

prepare, transmit and receive data.
 Internet protocol is responsible for transmitting data to the
physical layer of the network.
 TCP adds a header to the data. This header consists of 20 octets
transmitted in 32-bit increments of four octets each.
 Like TCP, it adds a header to the data, or a string of 32 octets
grouped in 32-bit increments called the IP address.
 On the receiving end, TCP unpacks the data and sends it
through the system to the application that is being used.
 After the IP layer is complete, the information goes to the
Network Access layer which then packages the data for final
transmission.
TCP/IP REFERENCE MODEL
 DESCRIPTION OF TCP/IP MODEL
 HOST TO NETWORK LAYER:
 It is the lowest layer.
 The host has to connect to the network using some
protocols, so that it can sent the IP packets over it.

 INTERNET LAYER:
 Top layer is called internet layer.
 It allows the host to insert packets into any network, and
then makes them travel to the destination.
 TRANSPORT LAYER:
 The layer above the internet layer is called transport layer.
 It allows the peer entities of the source and destination to
converse with each other.
 The end to end protocols are TCP and UDP.

 APPLICATION LAYER:
 The layer on top of transport layer is called application
layer.
 It provides service that can be used by other application.
 Some of important protocols are SMTP, FTP, HTTP etc.
 DEMERITS OF TCP/IP

 It does not clearly distinguish the concept of service,

interface and protocols.
 It is not at all general.
 The host to host layer is not a layer at all in the normal
sense.
 It does not even mention the physical and data link layer.
 CONCLUSION

 TCP/IP is the older of the two approaches to data

communication and is very well established.
 The OSI model is a proven concept that can be used as a
base to apply to most new applications or at least
considered when improving or building current
infrastructure.
 It will be continually used as a guideline for years to come
for all communications applications.
 TCP/IP will continue to dominate the net due to its constant
improvements and relatively low failure rate.
THANK YOU