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Methods and Techniques of Research
Methods and Techniques of Research
Research:
An Introduction of the Course Program for
Thesis Writing
Definition of Research:
• Research is “a process of scientific thinking that leads to the
discovery or establishment of new knowledge or truth.
• “The goal of research is the good life.” (Good and Scates, pp.
9, 14)
• Specifically:
• Ex: Due to research we come to know the dangers from the abusive use
of unprescribed drugs and some poisonous substances.
5. To order related, valid generalizations into systematized
science.
• Ex: The result of this purpose research is the science we are now
studying in school.
• Ex: Edison was curious about how a hen hatches her eggs and made a
research on that and he invented the incubator.
• Ex: One important question that may be asked which can be answered
only by means of research is: In what setting is life expectancy higher, in
the city or in the barrio?
9. To acquire a better and deeper understanding about
one phenomenon that can be known and understood
better by research.
• Ex: The work of the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Laguna is a
good example of this purpose.
14. To make work, travel, and communication faster, easier, and more
comfortable.
• Ex: Due to research airplanes are made to fly faster, land vehicles to run faster, labor-
saving machines have been invented and improved, radio and television bring news
immediately to the remote areas, and more wonders of electricity are making life easier
and better.
Characteristics of a Good Research:
• Research is systematic
• Research is controlled
• Research is empirical
• Research is analytical
• Research is objective, unbiased, and logical
• Research employs hypothesis
• Research employs qualitative or statistical methods
• Research is original work
• Research is done by expert
• Research is accurate investigation, observation and description
• Research is patient and unhurried activity
• Research requires an effort-making capacity
• Research requires courage
Characteristics of a Good Research:
Research is systematic
All other methods, kinds, and types of research whatever they are
called fall under these three major methods.
Kinds and Classifications of Research:
Other types and kinds of research are named
according to the area or field of activity.
• For example: one sees for the first time one or two
prosperous Chinese stores beside a poor, struggling
Filipino store. He forms the conclusion that the Chinese
are more shrewd and more competitive than Filipinos.
Made-up Information:
• This is making up information to explain away confusion.
• Chapter 2: METHODOLOGY
• Introduction
• Background of the Study (optional)
• Review of Literature and Studies
• Synthesis
• Theoretical / Conceptual Framework
• Statement of the Problem / Statement of Objectives
• Hypothesis
• Scope and Delimitation of the Study
• Significance of the Study
• Definition of Terms
Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
• Research Design
• Population and Locale of the Study
• Sampling Technique
• Research Instrument
• Evaluation of Research Instrument
• Data Gathering Procedures
• Statistical Treatment / Analysis of Data
Chapter 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
• Scale and form of figures can have a great influence on the resulting
interpretation of the data and thus should be presented accurately.
• Discussion, this part presents the analysis and interpretations or
gathered data that answer the questions post in the study.
• Findings of the study are presented, discussed and analyzed including their implications and
relationships or differences with reviewed literature. In the findings of the study only specific
results are included – both qualitative and quantitative without any explanations or reasons.
• They are presented as they were organized and categorized in the specific sub-problems of
the study. If there are five specific problems, naturally there are also five findings.
• Avoid irrelevant, indirect or unnecessary findings because these were carefully treated in the
interpretation of data.
• Furthermore, findings must be written in the past tense. State descriptive and qualitative
findings if necessary (Vizcarra, 2003)
• Conclusions
• After a careful analysis of the findings, the researcher writes the conclusions
drawn from the study which answers the primary objective or purpose of the
paper. The general conclusion is presented in the first paragraph.
• Conclusions must be written in the present tense. They are stated based on
the findings of the study.
• There is a need for careful analysis in identifying them so that they will not
appear as findings or recommendations.
• They are made in a general statement which reflects the results of the study.
• If there are five specific problems, there should also be five conclusions. If
there are sub-topics under one sub-problem, you may or may not present
them separately. You can lump them in one conclusion if applicable
(Vizcarra, 2003)
• Recommendations
• The recommendations of the study are based on the findings and
conclusions. The number of findings and conclusions must also be the
number of recommendations if possible.
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THE END