SCALAR QUANTITIES

A scalar quantity is a
quantity that is described by
a magnitude

Examples of Scalar Quantity

Mass 40 kg
Distance 5 km
Temperature 27
Speed 4.4 m/s2
Volume 142 mL

VECTOR QUANTITIES
A vector quantity is a quantity
that is completely described by
both magnitude and direction

Examples of Vector Quantity

Velocity 80 km/h E
Force 20 N upward
Acceleration 1m/s2
Displacement 5 km N
Momentum 50kg*m/s2

How vectors are added?

Tail-head method
This is a way wherein the second
vector is drawn such that its tail is
connected to the arrowhead of the
first vector. The resultant is measured
from the tail of the first vector to the
head of the second vector.

Example:

(same direction)

Chacha walks 300m East, stops to rest

and then continues 400m East.
Scale 1:100m

d1 = 300m E

d2 = 400m E

Adding the two vectors we have:

dR = 700m E (resultant displacement)

Example:

(opposite direction)

Mimi walks home from school 300m East and

remembers that she has to bring home her
Science book which a classmate borrowed. She
walks back 500m West to her classmates house.
Scale 1:100m
d1 = 300m E
d2 = 500m w
dR = 200m W (resultant displacement)

Parallelogram Method
Kate walks 500m East and then turns North
and walks 300m
Scale 1:100m

dR

m
0
8

O = 31
d1 = 500m

31

E
f
o

d2 = 300m

Types of Motion

Linear Motion
Linear motion is the most basic of all
motions. Linear motion is the type of
motion in which all parts of an object move
in the same direction and each part moves
an equal distance. Linear motion is
measured by speed and direction. Distance
travelled by an object per unit of time is
called velocity. Example: a moving car.

Rotary Motion
Rotary motion is motion in a
circle. This type of motion is the
starting point of many
mechanisms. Example: a
spinning wheel.

Reciprocating Motion
Reciprocating motion is back
and forth motion. Example: the
up and down motion of a yo-yo.

Irregular Motion
Irregular motion is motion which
has no obvious pattern to its
movement. Example: a flying
bee.

Uniform Motion
Uniform motion is motion at a
constant speed in a straight line.
Example: a rolling ball.

Newtons Laws of Motion

1st Law of Motion ( Law of

Inertia) states that:
A body at rest remains at rest, and a
body already in motion with a
constant velocity (constant speed
and direction), in the absence of an
unbalanced applied force

2nd Law of Motion ( Law of

acceleration) states that:
The acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the net force
acting on the object and inversely
proportional to the mass of the
object