RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

VOCABULARY

RELATION: A relation is a set of ordered

pairs.
 VOCABULARY

DOMAIN: The domain of a relation is the

set of all inputs.
 VOCABULARY

RANGE: The range of a relation is the set

of all outputs.
 VOCABULARY

INPUT: Each number in a domain is an

input.
VOCABULARY

OUTPUT: Each number in a range is an

output.
 VOCABULARY

FUNCTION: A function is a relation with

the property that for each input there is
exactly one output.
In order to be a function, every X must have a one Y.

No Ys can share any Xs.

Think about airplanes. Lots of planes fly at the same HEIGHT (y value). But
generally, we try to make sure that planes do not fly on top of each other (the
same x value).

Why do we make sure planes do not occupy the same x value?

Sure. Cool.
Great.

No.
 VOCABULARY
VERTICAL LINE TEST: The vertical line test says that if you can find a
vertical line passing through more than one point of a graph of a relation, then the
relation is not a function. Otherwise, the relation is a function.
EXAMPLE 1—Identifying the Domain and Range

Identify the domain and range of the relation represented by the table below
that shows one Norway Spruce tree’s height at different ages.
 EXAMPLE 1—Identifying the Domain and Range

The relation consists of the ordered pairs _____, _____, _____, _____,
and _____.
EXAMPLE 1—Identifying the Domain and Range
 EXAMPLE 1—Identifying the Domain and Range

The domain of the relation is the set of all ______, or

______________.
 EXAMPLE 1—Identifying the Domain and Range

The domain of the relation is the set of all INPUTS, or X-

COORDINATES.
 EXAMPLE 1—Identifying the Domain and Range

The range is the set of all _______, or _____________.

The range is the set of all OUTPUTS, or Y-
COORDINATES.
EXAMPLE 1—Identifying the Domain and Range

So, what would be the domain and range of our previous data
sets?

DOMAIN: __, __, __, __, __

RANGE: __, __, __, __, __
EXAMPLE 1—Identifying the Domain and Range

DOMAIN: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25

RANGE: 13, 25, 34, 43, 52
 EXAMPLE 2—Representing a Relation
Represent a relation (−3, 2), (−2, −2), (1, 1), (1, 3), (2, −3) as indicated.

Graph the ordered pairs as POINTS in a coordinate plane.

 EXAMPLE 2—Representing a Relation

Represent a relation (−3, 2), (−2, −2), (1, 1), (1, 3), (2, −3) as indicated.

Graph the ordered pairs as POINTS in a coordinate plane.

EXAMPLE 2—Representing a Relation

Represent a relation (−3, 2), (−2, −2), (1, 1), (1, 3), (2, −3) as indicated.

List the inputs and the outputs in order. Draw arrows from the
INPUTS to their OUPUTS.
EXAMPLE 2—Representing a Relation

Represent a relation (−3, 2), (−2, −2), (1, 1), (1, 3), (2, −3) as indicated.

List the inputs and the outputs in order. Draw arrows from the
INPUTS to their OUPUTS.
 EXAMPLE 3—Identifying Functions

Tell whether the relation is a function.

The relation in Example 1.
The relations __ a function because ___________________________
___________. This makes sense, as a single tree can have ONLY ONE
height at a given point in time.
 EXAMPLE 3—Identifying Functions

Tell whether the relation is a function.

The relation in Example 1.
The relation IS a function because EVERY INPUT IS PAIRED
WITH EXACTLY ONE OUTPUT. This makes sense, as a
single tree can have ONLY ONE height at a given point in time.
EXAMPLE 3—Identifying Functions

Tell whether the relation is a function.

The relation in Example 2.
The relation _____ a function because
___________________ _________________________.
EXAMPLE 3—Identifying Functions

Tell whether the relation is a function.

The relation in Example 2.
The relation IS NOT a function because THE INPUT 1 IS
PAIRED WITH TWO OUTPUTS, 1 AND 3.
 CHECKPOINT—Identify the domain and range of the relation and tell whether
the relation is a function.

1 2
(−5, 2), (−3, −1), (−1, 0), (2, 3), (5, 4) (−4, −3), (−3, 2), (0, 0), (1, −1), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, −2)
 EXAMPLE 4—Using the Vertical Line Test

In the graph, no vertical line passes through more than one point. So, the
relation represented by the graph ________________.
 EXAMPLE 4—Using the Vertical Line Test

In the graph, no vertical line passes through more than one point. So, the
relation represented by the graph IS A FUNCTION.
 EXAMPLE 4—Using the Vertical Line Test
In the graph, the vertical line shown passes through two points. So, the relation
represented by the graph ____________________.
 EXAMPLE 4—Using the Vertical Line Test
In the graph, the vertical line shown passes through two points. So, the relation
represented by the graph IS NOT A FUNCTION.
 State whether the following relations are functions.

3 4

5 (3, 6), (2, 4), (3, 7), (-7, 9)

6 (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8)