Magmatism

A process under the earth’s crust where formation and

movement of magma occur.

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What is magma?
• Semi-liquid hot molten rocks located beneath the Earth
specifically in the melted mantle rock and oceanic plate

Magma & lava are both molten

rocks,
they just differ in location:
Lava is found on the surface of the
Earth
Magma is found in the magma
chamber of volcanoes This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed und
Elemental
composition of
magma

• Which of the following elements

has the largest share in Magma’s
composition?
• Which of the following elements
has the lowest share in Magma’s
composition?
• Which elements are the top two
most abundant in magma?
Where does magmatism occur?
• Magmatism occurs in the lower part of
the Earth’s crust and in the upper
portion of the mantle known as the
asthenosphere
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Another
perspective
The magma present in the
lower crust and upper
mantle of the Earth is
formed or generated
through the process of
partial melting
The process of Partial Melting
What the melting of magma requires
Where it occurs:
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Melting due to:
Decompression Melting
Decre
ase of
Increa pressu Additi
se of re on of
Tempe volatil
Where it occurs: rature Melting es Where it occurs:
Convergent Boundaries of rocks Subduction Zone
Melting due to: to Melting due to:
Heat transfer magma Flux Melting
Increase in
Temperature Conduction occurs

• As magma rises, it is often hot

Convection occurs
enough to melt the rocks it touches.
These happen at convergent
boundaries, where tectonic plates are
crashing together
• Rocks start to melt once the
Convergent boundary
temperature in the lower crust &
upper mantle exceeds the melting point of
The temperature of the mantle is 1200 Celsius
minerals which rocks are composed of. Rock minerals like quartz or feldspar begin
to partially melt at around 650 – 800 Celsius
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Decrease of Pressure
• Mantle rocks remain solid
when exposed to high pressure.
However these rocks tend ot
go upward (shallower level)
and the pressure is reduced.
This triggers the melting of
magma known as decompression
melting.
• This process occurs at the mid-
ocean ridge, an underground
mountain system Mid-ocean ridge
Addition of • When water and carbon dioxide is added to hot rocks, flux melting occurs.
• The melting points of minerals within the tocks is already close to its

Volatiles melting point, the effect of adding these volatiles can be enough to trigger
partial melting. It occurs around subduction zones.

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 Look at this concept map and see how they are
connected
Increas
Heat transfer Temperature
es, & is
known
Decompression Decreas
as Pressure Partial Melting
melting es, & is
known
Are Happens when
Happen

Flux melting as Volatiles

added solid rocks melt
s in

Convergent
& through
Magmatismthe Happens Aesthenosphere
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as (part of
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Magma of
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become
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