Professional Documents
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Pastien Safety DLM Kebidanan
Pastien Safety DLM Kebidanan
Sunarto,SST,SKep,Ners,MKes
RSUP dr Kariadi Semarang
RIWAYAT HIDUP
KARS
Keselamatan Pasien di Rumah Sakit
1) Padat Modal 5) Padat Sistem / Prosedur
2) Padat Teknologi 6) Padat Mutu
3) Padat Karya 7) Padat Keluhan / Masalah
4) Padat Profesi/Ilmu 8) Padat Error(?)
9) Ketidakpastian sakit
Yan 24.7.12
Rumah Sakit
Padat Risiko - High Risk
UK:
MEXICO:
A chemotherapy drug
Fetal distress & untreated
neonatal jaundice causing (Vincristine) incorrectly
brain damage administered into
his spine instead of vein
1. ERA KESELAMATAN PASIEN
Laporan
Institute of Medicine - IOM
TO ERR IS HUMAN
Building a Safer Health System
(Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS, eds. To err is human: building
a safer health system. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000.)
D A L A M 1 TAHUN
SETIAP HARI
!
1 PESAWAT JUMBO JET
BERPENUMPANG 268 ORANG
J A T U H !!! (Pasien !!)
100
Keselamatan
Pasien !
IpTek
PelayananMedis
Populasi
Menua
Risiko
Klinis ! 0
Waktu 1960 2000 +
Litigasi !
Table 1. Data on Adverse Events in health care from several countries
Study Study focus No of No AE
Hosp of
(date of Ad- Rate
admissions) AE
mission (%)
1.USA(NewYork State) 1.Acute care Hosp 30 195 1133 3.8
(Harvard Medical (’84)
Practice Study) (1,2) 2.Acute c.Hosp(‘92)
2.USA (Utah-Colorado 14 565 475 3.2
Study (UTCOS)) (10) 3.Acute c.Hosp(‘92)
3.USA (UTCOS)1 (10) 14 565 787 5.4
4.Australia (Quality in 4.Acute c.Hosp(‘92)
Australian Health 14 179 2353 16.6
Care Study (QAHCS)(3)
5.Australia (QAHCS)2(10) 5.Acute c.Hosp(‘92) 14 179 1499 10.6
6.UK (4) 6Ac c.Hosp(‘99-’00) 1 014 119 11.7
7.Denmark (12) 7.Acute c.Hosp(‘98) 1 097 176 9.0
8.New Zealand (6,7) 8.Acute care (‘98) 6 579 849 12.9
9.Canada (8) 9.Ac&Com.Hosp(‘01) 3 720 279 7.5
Penjelasan Umum
1. asas & tujuan penyelenggaraan praktik kedokteran yg menjadi
landasan yg didasarkan pada nilai ilmiah, ……….. dan keselamatan
pasien;
Penjelasan Pasal 2
f. perlindungan dan keselamatan pasien adalah bahwa penyelenggaraan
praktik kedokteran, ............ dengan tetap memperhatikan perlindungan
dan keselamatan pasien.
STANDAR KOMPETENSI DOKTER INDONESIA
Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia 2012
A. Area Kompetensi
1. Profesionalitas yang luhur (Keselamatan
Pasien)
2. Mawas Diri dan Pengembangan Diri
3. Komunikasi Efektif
4. Pengelolaan Informasi
5. Landasan Ilmiah Ilmu Kedokteran
6. Ketrampilan Klinis
7. Pengelolaan Masalah Kesehatan
C. Penjabaran Kompetensi
1. Profesionalitas yang Luhur Area Kompetensi
1.1. Kompetensi Inti…
1.2. Lulusan Dokter Mampu :
1. Berke-Tuhan-an (Yang Maha Esa/ Yang Maha Kuasa)
2. Bermoral, beretika, clan berdisiplin
3. Sadar dan taat hukum
4. Berwawasan sosial budaya
5. Berperilaku profesional
• Menunjukkan karakter sebagai dokter yang
profesional
• Bersikap dan berbudaya menolong
• Mengutamakan keselamatan pasien
• Mampu bekerja sama intra- dan interprofesional
dalam tim pelayanan kesehatan demi keselamatan
pasien
• Melaksanakan upaya pelayanan kesehatan dalam
kerangka system kesehatan nasional dan global.
KOMITE KESELAMATAN
PASIEN RUMAH SAKIT 2012-
2015
Komite Keselamatan
Pasien Rumah Sakit
(KKPRS)
Dibentuk PERSI
November 2012
Institut Keselamatan
Pasien Rumah Sakit
(IKPRS)
SK PERSI No : 001/SK/PP.PERSI/I/2013, TENTANG PENGURUS PUSAT PERSI
PERIODE 2012 – 2015, 11 Jan 2013
Me aff
Ri er
s
St sks
h
dic
sk
Ri
Ot
al
Hospital
Risk
Management
Fin Risk
sk e
Ri oye
an s
s
pl
cia
Em
l
Property
Risks
Roberta Caroll, editor : Risk Management
Handbook for Health Care Organizations, 4th
edition, Jossey Bass, 2004
Scope of Hospital Risk Management (revised) :
of
The
Patient of
of The
The Hospital Health Care
Business Safety Worker
of of
The The
Environment Facilities
KERANGKA KERJA KOMPREHENSIF KESELAMATAN PASIEN.
Hosp Risk Mgt
Clinical Risk Mgt
3.
1. Upaya Umum Upaya Khusus 2.
Pelaporan
(Klasik) (Baru)
IKP
Keselamatan Keselamatan
Diagnostik
Pasien Pasien
Solusi
4.
Taksonomi Keselamatan Pasien
Definisi, Sistematika, Klasifikasi
Upaya Umum (Klasik) Keselamatan Pasien 1.
*Organisasi/Manajemen
1. Standar Yan RS, Standar Profesi
2. Good Professional Practice, EB Practice
3. Good Corporate Governance, Komite Etik RS
4. Good Clinical Governance, Komite Medis, Komite Etik,
Medical Audit, Clinical Indicator, Credentialling, EBM
5. Konsep & Evaluasi Mutu : QA, TQM, PDCA, Akreditasi, ISO
6. Sistem Rekam Medis, Informed consent
7. …dsb…
*Pelayanan
8. Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial
9. Safe blood transfusion
10.Yan Peristi
11.Hospital Pharmacy, Penggunaan obat rasional
12.Yan Laboratorium, Radiologi (D/, Th/), Penunjang Medis
lain
13.….dsb….
Upaya Khusus (Baru) Keselamatan Pasien
* 7 LANGKAH MENUJU KESELAMATAN PASIEN RS 2.
1. Bangun kesadaran akan nilai Keselamatan Pasien, 2. Pimpin dan dukung staf
anda, 3. Integrasikan aktivitas risiko, 4. Kembangkan sistem pelaporan, 5. Libatkan
dan berkomunikasi dengan pasien, 6. Belajar dan berbagi pengalaman tentang KP,
7. Cegah cedera melalui implementasi sistem KP
KNC=Kejadian
Pasien
Nyaris Cedera Tidak cedera (Near Miss)
I. Hak pasien
II. Mendidik pasien dan keluarga
III. Keselamatan pasien dan asuhan berkesinambungan
IV. Penggunaan metoda-metoda peningkatan kinerja, untuk
melakukan evaluasi dan meningkatkan keselamatan
pasien
V. Peran kepemimpinan dalam meningkatkan keselamatan
pasien
VI. Mendidik staf tentang keselamatan pasien
VII. Komunikasi merupakan kunci bagi staf untuk mencapai
keselamatan pasien
TUJUH LANGKAH MENUJU KESELAMATAN
PASIEN RUMAH SAKIT
1. BANGUN KESADARAN AKAN NILAI KESELAMATAN PASIEN,
Ciptakan kepemimpinan & budaya yg terbuka & adil.
2. PIMPIN DAN DUKUNG STAF ANDA, Bangunlah komitmen &
fokus yang kuat & jelas tentang KP di RS Anda
3. INTEGRASIKAN AKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN RISIKO,
Kembangkan sistem & proses pengelolaan risiko, serta lakukan
identifikasi & asesmen hal yang potensial bermasalah
4. KEMBANGKAN SISTEM PELAPORAN, Pastikan staf Anda agar
dgn mudah dapat melaporkan kejadian / insiden, serta RS
mengatur pelaporan kpd KKP-RS.
5. LIBATKAN DAN BERKOMUNIKASI DENGAN PASIEN,
Kembangkan cara-cara komunikasi yg terbuka dgn pasien
6. BELAJAR & BERBAGI PENGALAMAN TTG KP, Dorong staf anda
utk melakukan analisis akar masalah untuk belajar bagaimana &
mengapa kejadian itu timbul
7. CEGAH CEDERA MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM KP, Gunakan
informasi yang ada tentang kejadian / masalah untuk melakukan
perubahan pada sistem pelayanan
KKP RS
WHO, World Alliance for Patient Safety
PROGRAMME OF WORK (2005)2008 – 2009
Action areas :
1. Global Patient Safety Challenge :
1st Challenge, 2005 : Clean Care is Safer Care,
2nd Challenge, 2007-2008 : Safe Surgery Saves Lives
3rd Challenge, 2010 : Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance
2. Patients for Patient Safety
3. Research for Patient Safety
4. The International Classification for Patient Safety
5. Reporting and Learning Patient Safety
6. Solutions for Patient Safety
7. High 5s
8. Technology for Patient safety
9. Knowledge Management on Patient safety
10. Eliminate central line-associated bloodstream infections
11. Education for Safer Care
12. The Safety Prize
13. Medical Checklist : Pandemic H1N1 Cinical Checklist, Safe Childbirth Checklist , Trauma
Care Checklist
JAKARTA DECLARATION
WHO South East Asia Regional Patient Safety
Workshop on “ Patients for Patient Safety”
Jakarta, 17 – 19 July 2007
- P4PS -
• Negara peserta (10) : Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia,
Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste.
Juga Pakar2 WHO dari Patients for Patient Safety.
• Indonesia : Dr Sutoto, Dr Gunawan, Dr Nico Lumenta, Dr
Marius Widjajarta, Dr Purnamawati, Paula Dewi, Ermiel
Thabrani, KKI Dr Hardi Yusa, PERSI Dr Adib Yahya, PPNI,
Arsada Dr Yvonne
• Peserta adalah Patient Safety Stake Holder : Patients, NGO
Advocates, Medical Council, Medical Association, Nurse
Association, Policy makers
• Topik : Building partnerships, Ongoing work in the region,
Patients & Consumer voices, Regional priorities & challenges,
Action planning.
Wakil Indonesia terpilih
sebagai :
Chairman, WHO SEAR
Patient Safety Workshop on
“ Patients for Patient Safety”
Jakarta Declaration
On Patients for Patient Safety,
in Countries of the South-East Asia Region
We,
The patients, consumer advocates, healthcare professionals, policy-makers &representatives
of NGO’s, professional associations & regulatory councils, having reflected on the issue of
patient safety in the WHO regional workshop on “Patients for Patient Safety”, 17 – 19 July
2007, in Jakarta, Indonesia,
Referring to Resolution SEA/RC59/R3 on Promoting Patient Safety in Health Care, adopted at
the 59th Session of the Regional Committee for South-East Asia, which notes "with concern the
high human & financial toll of adverse events" & the vicious cycle of adverse events, lawsuits,
and the practice of defence medicine, and urges Member States to engage patients, consumer
associations, health care workers & professional associations in building safer health care
systems & creating a culture of safety with in health care institutions,
Inspired by the Patients for Patient Safety London Declaration supported by the WHO World
Alliance for Patient Safety,
Considering the recommendations of the first WHO Regional Workshop on Patient Safety, 12
– 14 July 2006, in New Delhi, India,
1. Declare that no patients should suffer preventable harm;
2. Agree that patients are at the centre of all patient safety efforts;
3. Acknowledge that fear of blame and punishment should not deter open & honest
communication between patients and health care providers;
4. Recognize that we must work in partnership in order to achieve the major behavioural &
system changes that are required to address patient safety in our Region;
5. Believe that :
• transparency, accountability & the human touch are paramount to a safe health care system;
• mutual trust and respect between health care professionals and patients are fundamental;
• patients & their carers should know why a treatment is given and be informed of all risks, big
or small, so that they can participate in decisions related to their care;
• patients should have access to their medical records;
6. Recognize that when harm does occur :
• there should be a system in place whereby the event can be reported and investigated with
due respect confidentiality;
• patients and their families should be fully informed and supported;
• providers involved in unintentional harm should also receive support;
• corrective actions should be taken to prevent future harm and the lessons learnt be widely
shared;
• there should be a mechanism to fairly compensate the patient and their family;
7. Commit to:
• consumer empowerment through frank and candid education;
• partnering with the media to encourage responsible reporting and to seize opportunities to
educate the public;
• active consumer participation in adverse event reporting;
• two-way communication among patients and health care providers that encourages
questioning;
• meaningful patient representation on patient safety committees and forums;
8. Pledge to achieve through sustained efforts the following goals:
• functioning quality and patient safety systems in every health care facility, both public and
private, starting with the establishment of a patient safety committee and of an adverse event
reporting and response system;
• adherence to guidelines that are evidence-based and ethical and avoidance of irrational
treatments such as unnecessary medicines, investigations and surgical procedures;
• continuing medical education for health care professionals;
• patient safety concepts integrated into pre- and in-service training of allied health care
profesionals
• rational caseload of patients in each health care facility;
• adequate resources devoted to patient safety;
• motivated and competent health care professionals;
• satisfied patients and providers.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia
SEMBILAN SOLUSI LIFE-SAVING KESELAMATAN PASIEN RUMAH
SAKIT
9 SOLUSI
1. Perhatikan Nama Obat, Rupa dan Ucapan Mirip (Look-Alike, Sound-
Alike Medication Names)
2. Pastikan Identifikasi Pasien
3. Komunikasi secara Benar saat Serah Terima/Pengoperan Pasien
4. Pastikan Tindakan yang benar pada Sisi Tubuh yang benar
5. Kendalikan Cairan Elektrolit Pekat (concentrated)
6. Pastikan Akurasi Pemberian Obat pada Pengalihan Pelayanan
7. Hindari Salah Kateter dan Salah Sambung Slang (Tube)
8. Gunakan Alat Injeksi Sekali Pakai
9. Tingkatkan Kebersihan Tangan (Hand hygiene) untuk Pencegahan
Infeksi Nosokomial.
Enam Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien RS
66
Program Pemandu
1. Asesmen budaya safety 7 Langkah KPRS
68
7. KESIMPULAN
Kesimpulan
1. RS merupakan institusi yang kompleks. Insiden KP dapat / mudah terjadi.
2. Tiga Fondasi Yan RS : Mutu – Etik – EBM . KPRS adalah komponen kritis dari mutu
3. WHO menyimpulkan KTD di RS adalah masalah yang serius. Sejak th 2000 Pelayanan
Kesehatan telah masuk dalam Era Keselamatan Pasien.
4. Penerapan KPRS perlu perubahan budaya dan komitmen pimpinan, staf dan karyawan.
Penerapan KPRS memerlukan penggerak yang terlatih
5. Paradigma baru : Keterbukaan, Pelaporan Insiden, Analisis-Belajar-Kembangkan Solusi,
Komunikasi dgn pasien.
6. Enam Pemandu KPRS adalah :
1) UU no 44/2009 ttg Rumah Sakit dan PMK 1691/2011 ttg KPRS
2) Kerangka kerja Komprehensif Keselamatan Pasien Rumah Sakit
3) Standar Keselamatan Pasien Rumah Sakit
4) Tujuh Langkah menuju Keselamatan Pasien RS
5) Program WHO Patient Safety
6) Enam Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien RS
7. UU 44/2009 Tentang RS & PMK 1691/2011 mewajibkan RS menerapkan Standar
70
Keselamatan Pasien
KATA AKHIR
• Keselamatan Pasien di Rumah Sakit hanya dapat
dicapai dengan membangun budaya yang
berorientasikan kepada keselamatan pasien
• Budaya keselamatan pasien harus dipahami,
dihayati dan diamalkan oleh seluruh unsur rumah
sakit
• Peran pimpinan, baik formil maupun non formil
diperlukan dalam membentuk “nilai” dan memberi
teladan.
(Prof. Dr. Budi Sampurna, SH, Sp.F)
Bila Keselamatan Pasien tidak dijadikan
“Sahabat” Rumah Sakit, cepat atau
lambat dia akan berbalik menjadi
“Musuh” Rumah Sakit.
(Nico A.Lumenta, 2008)
Terimakasih
Atas perhatiannya