SCIENTIFIC PAPER PRESENTATION

TRANSTIBIAL PROSTHETICS COURSE

IDENTIFY BIOMECHANICAL PRINCIPLE AND

BENEFITS OF RUNNING-SPECIFIC
PROSTHESIS FOR PARALYMPIC ATHLETE
Presented by group 5
Ahmad Syamsul Rizal (P17127019001)
Aristyo Raja Leksono (P17127019002)
Diah Ayu Nur Kholifah (P17127019005)

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

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After the invention of the Solid Ankle and Cushioned Heel (SACH)
foot (Ohio Willow Wood, Ohio, USA) in the late 1950s, prosthetic foot
designs and materials changed little for approximately 20-30 years. The
innovative artificial foot allowed users to store and then return elastic
energy during the ground-contact phase of gait.
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- What are the biomechanical principle that applied
in Running-Specific Prosthesis? PROBLEM
- What are the outcome of biomechanical principle FORMULATION
that applied in Running-Specific Prosthesis?

To avoid a widening of the problem, the author

LIMITATION discussed only the biomechanical principle that
PROBLEM applied in Running-Specific Prosthesis and its
benefit for the paralympic athlete.

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OBJECTIVE
RESEARCH
This study was made to identify what are the
biomechanical that applied in Running-Specific
Prosthesis

To find the outcome of the Running-Specific

Prosthesis for the paralympic athlete

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 BENEFIT RESEARCH

a. Increase knowledge in the mechanism of the device for athlete

Theoritical especially

b. As consideration for future research

a. This study is expected to give understanding and

introduction for transtibial amputee patient
Practical
b. This research is expected to explain the mechanism of
biomechanical principle of the device

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CHAPTER II
METHODS

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 METHODS
The methods of the scientific paper are collectiong the data from previous
research through the internet. The literature comes from three journals

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METHODS
“Running-Specific Prostheses: The History,

1 Mechanics, and Controversy” Hiroaki Hobara.

バイオメカニズム学会誌 , Vol. 38, No.2 (2014)

(MAIN JOURNAL)

“Amputee Locomotion: Lower Extremity Loading Using Running-

Specific Prostheses” Hiroaki Hobara, Brian S. Baum, Hyun-Joon Kwon,
Alison Linberg, Erik J. Wolf, Ross H. Miller, Jae Kun Shim. 2
Gait & Posture, Vol. 39 (2014), 386 - 390 (SUPPORT JOURNAL)

“Leg Stiffness of Sprinters Using Running-Specific

3 Prostheses” Craig P. McGowan, Alena M. Grabowski, William

J. McDermott, Hugh M. Herr, Rodger Kram.
(SUPPORT JOURNAL) Journal of The Royal Interface, 2012

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 METHODS
SUBJECTS (PROCEDURE DATA ANALYSIS)

Some of the Paralympian running athletes who join the Olympic Games
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In this journal has 8 male subjects with unilateral transtibial amputation and eight healthy
male able-bodied as control subject. For the age between 18 and 50 years old voluntered to

2 participate this experiment. This study was approved by University of Maryland, College
Park Institutional Review board and prior todo the test, and written information consent.

Eight elite Paralympic sprinters (six with a unilateral transtibial ampitation and two with

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bilateral transtibial amputation) and twelve sprinters of similiar ability without amputation.
Data from all participant was collected at the Biomechanics Laboratory of the Orthopaedic
Speciality Hospital in Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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METHODS
(PROCEDURE DATA ANALYSIS)

DEVICES

Each participant used

their specific sprinter
RSP.

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 CHAPTER III
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

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FIRST JOURNAL

This journal was reported that a double transtibial amputee sprinter in their study
showed 21[%] shorter swing time and 15[%] higher stride frequency than able-
bodied sprinters during maximal sprint running. The authors found that the contact
length (normalized to leg length) of the double-transtibial amputee runner was
9.6[%] greater than that of the track athletes, indicating that the greater contact
lengths at top speed would also be advantageous for speed.
This jurnal also showed that the prosthetic legs of runners with lowerextremity
amputation using RSPs has lower Kleg than sound legs during overground running
at 2.5 to 3.5[m/s]

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 SECOND JOURNAL

From diagram, significant

main effect of running speed on
VIP (P<0.01) was identified where
VIP increase with running speed in
all limbs. However there is no
significant differences in VIP
between the prosthetic limb and the
AB subject limbs at each speed.

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THIRD
JOURNAL

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DISCUSSIONS

Identify how does the device work in terms of biomechanics so

that it can give good outcomes for the paralympic-running
athlete.

We can investigate vGRF loading in ILEA runners using RSPs at a range of running speeds.
We identified significant main effects of running speed on VIP and VALR, where both
variables increased with speed in all limbs, especially in the ILEA intact limb.

We can examine the overall spring–mass mechanics of running by athletes with

transtibial amputation using RSPs relative to performance-matched non-amputees.

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 CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

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CONCLUSION

The biomechanical principle identified in these journals is the loading

variable (vGRF, VIP, VALR) and leg stiffness. Loading variable in the
RSP must be high magnitude because it can reduce the elevating
loading in the intact limb of ILEA during running. Meanwhile, the leg
stiffness should be decrease so the RSP can’t limit the ability of ILEA
to modulate during running.

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RECOMMENDATION

For the future study authors suggest the study should examine
the mechanical characteristic of RSPs during running in ILEA
and more do and find the research that provide or support into
the potential advantages or disadvantages of running with RSPs.
And the authors suggest also to explain the various of RSP for
further research.

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REFERENCES
Pictures source:
https://www.amputee-coalition.org/running-blade-prosthetics/
https://www.ottobockus.com/sports/solution-overview/3s80-and-sprinter-foot/

Nolan, L.: Carbon fibre prostheses and running in amputees: a review, Foot and Ankle Surgery, 14, 125-129, (2008)

Weyand, P. G., Sternlight, D. B., Bellizzi, M. J. and Wright, S.:Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater
groundforces not more rapid leg movements, Journal of AppliedPhysiology, 81, 1991-1999, (2000).

Crowell HP, Davis IS. Gait retraining to reduce lower extremity loading inrunners. Clin Biomech 2011;26:78–83.Weyand,
P. G., Bundle, M. W., McGowan, C. P.,Grabowski, A., Brown, M. B., Kram, R. & Herr, H. 2009

The fastest runner on artificial legs: different limbs, similarfunction? J. Appl. Physiol. 107, 903–911.
(doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00174.2009)

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THANK YOU

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