Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COVERAGE:
FORMATION
OPERATION
ADVANTAGES VERSUS
PROPRIETORSHIPS
Brings greater financial capability to the
business.
Combines special skills, expertise and
experience of the partners.
Offers relative freedom and flexibility of action
in decision making.
ADVANTAGES VERSUS CORPORATIONS
• Easier and less expensive to organize.
• More personal and informal.
DISADVANTAGES
• Easily dissolved and thus unstable compared
to a corporation.
• Mutual Agency and unlimited liability may
create personal obligations to partners.
• Less effective than a corporation in raising
large amounts of capital.
CLASSIFICATION OF
PARTNERSHIPS
1. ACCORDING TO OBJECT:
• UNIVERSAL PARTNERSHIP OF ALL PROPERTY.
All contributions become part of the partnership fund.
• UNIVERSAL PARTNERSHIP OF PROFITS. All that
the partners may acquire by their industry or work
during the existence of the partnership and the use of
whatever the partners contributed at the time of the
institution of the contract belong to the partnership.
• PARTICULAR PARTNERSHIP. The object of the
partnership is determinate- its use or fruit, specific
undertaking, or the exercise of a profession or vocation.
2. ACCORDING TO LIABILITY:
• COMMERCIAL OR TRADING
PARTNERSHIP. One formed for the
transaction of business.
• PROFESSIONAL OR NON-TRADING
PARTNERSHIP. One formed for the exercise
of profession.
5. ACCORDING TO LEGALITY OF EXISTENCE:
Cash XX
Loans Payable-Partners Account XX
Not to Partners Capital Account but considered as
Liability and should be separated in presentation.
This distinction is important in case of liquidation.
Loans Payable to partners must be paid after
claims of outside creditors have been paid full.
These loans have priority over partner’s equity.
VALUATION OF INVESTMENTS BY PARTNERS
Partners may invest cash or non-cash assets in the partnership. When the
partner invests non-cash assets, they are to be recorded at values AGREED
UPON BY THE PARTNERS. In the absence of any agreement, the
contributions will be recognized at their FAIR MARKET VALUES at the date
of transfer to the partnership.
ADJ2
Prepaid Expenses 30,000
Emerita Modesto, Capital 30,000
• Additional salaries payable in the amount of
10,000 is to be established.
ADJ. 3
Emerita Modesto, Capital 10,000
Salaries Payable 10,000
TYPES OF FORMATION
1. INDIVIDUALS WITH NO EXISTING BUSINESS
FORM A PARTNERSHIP.
2. CONVERSION OF A SOLE PRIETORSHIP TO A
PARTNERSHIP.
• A sole proprietor and an individual without an
existing business form a partnership.
• Two or more sole proprietors form a partnership.
3. ADMISSION OR RETIREMENT OF A PARTNER.
INDIVIDUALS WITH NO EXISTING BUSINESS
FORM A PARTNERSHIP
ILLUSTRATION:
Cash 700,000
Land 1,300,000
Mortgage Payable 300,000
Humay, Capital 700,000
President, Capital 1,000,000
Humay and President
Statement of Financial Position
July 1, 2020
ASSETS
Cash P 700,000
Land 1,300,000
Total Assets P2, 000,000
LIABILITY AND OWNERS EQUITY
Mortgage Payable P 300,000
Humay, Capital 700,000
President, Capital 1,000,000
Total Liabilities and O.E. P 2,000,000
CONVERSION OF A SOLE PRIETORSHIP TO A PARTNERSHIP
ILLUSTRATION:
The statement of financial position of Kagura’s Umbrella on October 1, 2021 before accepting Mark Kevin as partner is known as
follows:
KAGURA’S UMBRELLA
Statement of Financial Position
October 1, 2021
Assets
Cash P60,000
Notes Receivable 30,000
Accounts ReceivableP240,000
Less: AFUA 10,000 230,000
Merchandise Inventory 80,000
Furniture and Fixtures P60,000
Less: Accumulated Dep. 6,000 54,000
Total Assets P454,000
Liabilities and Owners Equity
Notes Payable P 40,000
Accounts Payable 100,000
Kagura’s Umbrella, Capital 314,000
Total Liability and Owners Equity P454,000
Mark Kevin offered to invest cash to get a capital credit equal to
one-half of Kagura’s Capital after giving adjustments below.
Kagura’s accepted the offer.
• Merchandise is to be valued at 74,000.
• The accounts Receivable is estimated to be 95% collectible.
• Interest accrued on the notes receivable will be recognized:
10,000 12% dated July 1, 2021 and 20,000, 12% dated August 1,
2021.
• Interest on Notes Payable to be accrued at 14% annually from
April 1, 2020.
• The furniture and fixtures are to be valued at 46,000.
• Office supplies on hand that have been charge to expense in the
past amounted to 4,000. These will be used by the partnership.
NEW BOOK FOR PARTNERSHIP (required per National Internal
Revenue Code)
Cash 149,950
Mark Kevin, Capital 149,950
KAGURA’S and MARK KEVIN
Statement of Financial Position
October 1, 2021
Assets
Cash P209,905
Notes Receivable 30,000
Accounts Receivable P240,000
Less: AFUA 12,000 228,000
Interest Receivable 700
Merchandise Inventory 74,000
Office Supplies 4,000
Furniture and Fixtures 46,000
Total Assets P592,650
Liabilities and Owners Equity
Notes Payable P 40,000
Accounts Payable 100,000
Interest Payable 2,800
Mark Kevin, capital 149,950
Kagura’s Umbrella, Capital 299,900
Total Liability and Owners Equity P592,650
Two or more sole proprietors form a
partnership.
ILLUSTRATION:
The partners may agree on any of the following scheme in distributing profits or losses:
• Equally or in other agreed ratio
• Based on partners’ capital contributions:
– Ratio of original capital investments
– Ratio of capital balances at the beginning of the year
– Ratio of capital balances at the end of the year
– Ratio of average capital balances
• By allowing interest on partners’ capital and the balance in an agreed ratio
• By allowing salaries to partners and the balance in an agreed ratio
• By allowing bonus to the managing partner based on profit and the balance in an
agreed ratio.
• By allowing salaries, interest on partners’, bonus to the managing partner and the
balance in an agreed ratio (combination of 3 to 5)
ILLUSTRATION:
Leopoldo Medina invested 400,000 on Jan 1, 2021 and
additional 100,000 on April 1. Edgar Detoya invested
800,000 on Jan 1, 2021 and withdrew 50,000 on July 1. The
Medina and Detoya partnership which had a profit of
300,000 for year ended Dec 31, 2021, the first year of
operations. The partnership contract provided that each
partner may withdraw 5,000 on the last day of each
month; both partners did so during the year. The drawings
are recorded by debits to the partners’ drawing accounts
and shall not be considered profit or loss. It is the intention
of the partners that each partners share in the profit or
loss be either credited or debited to the drawing account.
Leopoldo Medina, Capital Edgar Detoya, Capital
Jan. 1 400,000
July 1 50,000 Jan. 1 800,000
April 1 100,000
Jan-Dec 60,000
Jan-Dec 60,000
Income Summary
Dec 300,000
1. EQUALLY OR IN OTHER AGREED RATIO
(PROFIT)
Income Summary 300,000
Leopodo Medina, Drawing 150,000
Edgar Detoya, Drawing 150,000
(LOSS) Incurred loss 200,000
Leopodo Medina, Drawing 100,000
Edgar Detoya, Drawing 100,000
Income Summary 200,000
(RATIO 60:40)
Income Summary 200,000
Leopodo Medina, Drawing 180,000
Edgar Detoya, Drawing 120,000
2. BASED ON PARTNERS’ CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS
MEDINA:
COMPUTATION OF THE AVERAGE CAPITAL
BALANCES
DATE CAPITAL BALANCES YEAR UNCHANGE AVE. CAPITAL
Balance divided
equally
• Before Bonus
• After Bonus
BEFORE BONUS
Assume that the partnership agreement provided for a bonus of 25% of profit before
bonus to partner Medina and the balance to be divided equally. The profit is 300,000
Medina Detoya Total
Bonus
75,000 75,000
Income Summary 300,000
Balance
divided Leopoldo Medina, Drawing 187,500
equally Edgar Detoya, Drawing 112,500
Medina
50%
112,500
Detoya
50%
112,500 225,000
Share
Profit
187,500 112,500 300,000
AFTER BONUS
Medina Detoya Total
Bonus
60,000 60,000
Profit before bonus 300,000 125%
Balance
Profit after bonus 240,000 100%
divided equally
Bonus 60,000 25%
Medina
50%
120,000
Assume that the profit for the year 400,000 and the
partnership agreement for the Medina and Detoya
Partnership provided for the following:
• Bonus to medina of 25% of profit after salaries and interest
but before bonus.
• Annual salaries of 100,000 to medina and 60,000 to Detoya.
• Interest on average capital balances of 71,250 and 116,250
to medina and Detoya respectively
• Balances to be divided in a ratio of 40:60
Medina Detoya Total
Salary allowances
100,000 60,000 160,000
Interest on Average
Capital 71,250 116,250 187,500
Before Bonus 25%
13,125 13,125
Balance divided
equally
Medina 40% 15,750
Detoya 60% 23,625 39,375
Share Profit 200,125 199,875 400,000