DUAL NATURE OF MATTER

• All material particles in motion possess wave

chracteristics.

• ƛ = h
mv

ƛ = h/p
DERIVATION
 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE DUAL NATURE OF
ELECTRON
• PARTICLE NATURE -SCINTILLATION EFFECT

WAVE NATURE - DAVISSON AND GERMER’S

EXPERIMENT
ESTIMATING THE de Broglie WAVELENGTH

• Let an electron of charge e be accelerated by

a potential V. Then the kinetic energy
acquired by the electron which is accelerated
from rest by passing through a potential
difference V is eV. The kinetic energy of the
moving electron with velocity v is ½ mv2
½ mv2 = eV
 Relationship between kinetic energy and
wavelength of a moving particle

• K.E = ½ mv 2

v2 = 2K.E / m
Substitute the value of v in
deBroglie’s equation to calculate
the wavelength of the particle.
QUANTISATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
QUANTISATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM

• The circumference of the circular orbit must be an

integral number of  wavelengths:
2πr=nλ= nh/p         (λ=h/p​)
The momentum, p, is simply mv as long as we're
talking about non-relativistic speeds, so this
becomes:
2πr=nh/mv​
Rearranging this a little gives the Bohr relationship:
mvr=nh​/2π
NUMBER OF WAVES IN AN ORBIT
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTROMAGENETIC
WAVES AND MATTER WAVES
 

  EMW can be radiated into space or emitted. Matter waves are neither
radiated into space nor emitted by the particles. These are simply
associated with the particles.

EMW do not require any medium for propagation whereas matter waves
required medium for propagation.
The velocity of EMW is equal to that of light whereas the velocity of
matter waves is less than that of light.
 
 
 
 
 
•  
HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

It is not possible to measure simultaneously

both the position and momentum or velocity
of a microscopic particle with absolute
accuracy.
∆χ x ∆p ≥ h/4π
HEISENBERG’S PRINCIPLE