Quadratic Functions

Standard form of quadratic

equation
The standard form of quadratic equation
looks like this ax2+bx+c=0
Where a, b, c are constant and a≠0.
Quadratic equation has two roots as the
variable raise to the maximum power 2.
The curve intersects the x- axis at two distinct
points.
 Derivation of its roots geometrically.
ax2+bx+c=0
⇒ ax2+bx=-c
x x -c/a
⇒1/a (ax2+bx)=-c/a + =
⇒x2+(b/a)x=-c/a x b/a

⇒x2+(b/a)x+(b2/4a2)
b/2a
=(-c/a)+(b2/4a2)
⇒(x+b/2a)2=(b2-4ac/4a2) x b/2a (b2-4ac)/4a2
⇒x+b/2a=± + b/2a =
2a x b/2a

⇒x=-b/2a ± 2a

∴ Where b2-4ac is discriminant

(D)
Let us see some Quadratic
equations
Let us see an example of quadratic equation
6x² + 11x - 35 = 0
On comparing the above equation with the
standard form of quadratic equation i.e.
ax² + bx +c = 0
We get a=6, b=11, c=-35
Now we have to find the roots
We know that
Here we get two roots of the above equation
Hence this is quadratic equation.
Quadratic function
Role of “a” in Quadratic equation graphs
The important features of the graph
Discriminant of a Quadratic equation
Conclusion
Real life applications of parabolic curves
 Plotting graph from equation
1.
As the coefficent of x2 is +ve hence the parabolic curve opens
upward
We could get Y-intercept on putting the value of x=0 i.e

The two points where the parabolic curves meet X-axis are (2,0),
(3,0)

The vertex of parabolic curve would be (-b/2a, f(-b/2a))

X=(-b/2a)=5/2 =2.5
Y=f(x)=f(-b/2a)=f(5/2)

Vertex(2.5, -0.25)
Y-intercept

roots
(2,0) (3,0)

Vertex(2.5, -0.25)
2. f(x)=2x2 – 12x + 16
As the coefficient of x2 is +2 hence the parabolic curve opens
upward and is little squashed in compare to x2.
We could get Y-intercept on putting the value of X=0 i.e. (0, 16)

The two points where the parabolic curves meet X-axis are (2,0),
(4,0)

The vertex of parabolic curve would be {-b/2a, f(-b/2a)}

X=-b/2a = 12/4 =3 ,
y= f(-b/2a)= 2(3)2 -12x3+16
=2x9-36+16=18+16-36=-2
Vertex(3,-2)
Y-intercept
f(x)=2x2 – 12x + 16

(2,0) (4,0)

Vertex(2.5, -0.25)
Example 3: f(x)= -x2-1
As the coefficient of x2 is -1 hence the parabolic curve opens
downward .
We could get Y-intercept on putting the value of X=0 i.e. (0, -1)
f(0)=-02-1=-1
As the roots are imaginary in nature hence the parabolic curve
doesn’t intersect x-axis at any point.
f(x)= -(x2+1)=0
(x2+1)=0
On adding -1 on both sides
x2+1-1= -1
x2= -1
x= =i (imaginary root)
f(x)= x2

f(x)= -x2-1 (0,-1)

 Framing of quadratic equation from its graph
&
Cubic equation
Example 1: Y-intercept (0,12)
f(x) = ax +bx+c
2

Roots (3,0) & (4,0)