GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

SUBMITTED BY : JOHN KENNETH M. REYES

 DEFINITION

EFFECTS

THEORY
• Global
- relating to the whole world; worldwide.

• Demography
- is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Demography
encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and
spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death.
- derived from the Greek words demos for “population” and graphia for “description” or
“writing,” thus the phrase, “writings about population.”
• Demographic transitions is a singular historical period during which mortality and
fertility rates decline from high to low levels in a particular country or region. The broad
outlines of the transition are similar in countries around the world, but the pace and
timing of the transition have varied considerably.

• The transition started in mid- or late 1700s in Europe. During that time, death rates and
fertility began to decline. High to low fertility happened 200 years in France and 100 years
in the United States. In other parts of the world, the transition began later. It was only the
twentieth century that mortality decline in Africa and Asia. With the exemption of Japan.
• This resulted in rapid population growth after the Second World War, affecting the age
structure of Asia and the developing world. Specifically, The baby boom in the
developing world was caused by the decline of Infant and child mortality rates.
• A remarkable effect of the demographic transition is the enormous gap in life expectancy that emerged
between Japan and the West on the one hand and the rest of the world on the other." By 1820, the life
expectancy at birth of Japan and the West was 12 years greater than that of other countries.

• During the 19th century, Europe and the West had an increase in share in the world's population, from
22.0 percent to 33.0 percent, while Asia and Oceania's contribution dropped from 69.0 percent to 56.7.

• Between 1950 and 2000, however, only 11.7 percent occurred in the region." 187 The United States
projected that population growth will be shifted toward Africa.

• Also, in 2150, there will be a projected increase of two billion if we combine the population of Asia,
Latin America, and Oceania.

• The developing countries like India and the Philippines had higher dependency ratios than the West in
1900.
 DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESS

• FERTILITY- (birth) refers to the actual number of children born to a woman or

groupe of woman a simple way to measure fertility is to get the crude birth rate.
• MORTALITY- (deaths) refers to the numer of deaths per 1000 of the total mid- year
population in particular place at a specified time, and is measured by the crude death
rate.
• MARRIAGE- refers to a formal union and social and legal contract between two
individuals that unites their lives legally.
• MIGRATION- refers to the spatial movement of person or grouped of person within a
country or specified territory , more or less for permanent residency.
• SOCIAL MOBILITY- is the movement of individuals , families, households, or other
categories of people within or between social strata in a society. It is a change I social
status relative to ones current social location within a given society.
 Better Economy

Efficient Utilization of Resources

Medical,Agricultural and Industrial Growth

Better Labour Force

Greater Investment In Capital Formation

 Shortage of Food and Land

Environmental Problems

Unemployment

Poverty and Low Standard of Living

Inflation

Conflict and War

 STAGE
1

Demographic transition
STAGE theory suggests that future STAGE
5 2
population growth will
develop along a predictable
four- or five-stage model.

STAGE STAGE
4 3
Stage 1: Pre-Transition
Characterized by high birth
rates, and high fluctuating
death rates resulting in
small population growth.
Plagues, diseases and poor
nutrition keep mortality
high.
Stage 2: Early Transition
Characterized by improved
health care, sanitation and
increased food supplies
leading to a rapid fall in
death rates. Birth rates are
still high, so there is a rapid
increase in population
numbers.
Stage 3: Late Transition
Characterized by a decreased
growth rate of a population.
Birthrates begin to fall.
Industrialization, urbanization,
and improved living standards
lead to less desire for large
families.
Stage 4: Post-Transition
Characterized by the completion
of the transition to a low growth
rate with low birth rate and
death rates. The birth rate may
fluctuate in special
circumstances, such as the post-
war "baby-boom."
Stage 5
Characterized by a lower birth
rate than death rate. This is
happening in some European
countries and Japan.It is not
known if this trend will extend
to other regions.
 Demography Quotes

“As we encounter each other, we see our diversity — of background, race, ethnicity, belief –
and how we handle that diversity will have much to say about whether we will in the end be
able to rise successfully to the great challenges we face today “