Personal and

Professional
Ethics
 Dishonesty
 Dishonesty is to act without honesty. It is used to describe
a lack of probity, cheating, lying or being
deliberately deceptive or a lack in integrity, corruption or
treacherousness.
 Dishonesty is the fundamental component of a majority
of offences relating to the acquisition, conversion and
disposal of property defined in criminal law such
as fraud
 How Dishonesty Affects You
DISHONESTY DESTROYS TRUST
 Relationships are built on trust. When two people trust
each other, they feel safe and secure.
 But trust does not happen overnight. People build trust
when they spend time together, engaging in honest
communication and acting unselfishly.
 Trust can be shattered, however, by just one act of
dishonesty. And when trust has been broken, it can be
very difficult to rebuild.
Have you ever been deceived by someone
you thought was a good friend?
 If so, how did you feel?
 Likely you felt hurt, even betrayed. That certainly is
understandable.
 There is little doubt that dishonesty can destroy the
fabric of precious relationships.
DISHONESTY BREEDS DISHONESTY
 Dishonesty could be likened to a virus—the more
contact you have with a person who is deceitful, the
greater your risk of being “infected” with dishonesty
yourself
 How can you avoid falling into the trap of
dishonesty?
What Is Stealing?
 Stealing is the act of taking something that does not belong to
you without permission. An example is removing an object
from a store without paying for it (this is shoplifting). 
 Stealing does not have to be a physical act. It is also possible to
steal another person’s thoughts or ideas.
 Although stealing is an inappropriate behavior, it is relatively
common in children.
 It often occurs before a child understands why it is wrong. Most
children simply outgrow this behavior.
 In other cases, stealing can be a sign of more serious problems
and a precursor to other delinquency in a child or teen.
 Stealing is a crime that can lead to punishments such as fines
or jail time.
What Leads to Stealing?
 Stealing becomes an issue when the person doing the stealing
is old enough to know better. Sometimes children under the
age of five take objects that interest them, not yet
understanding that stealing is wrong. They might not have
enough self-control to resist taking something they want.
 For those old enough to know better, there are several reasons
for stealing.
 Stealing may be caused by jealousy, low self-esteem, or peer-
pressure.
 Social issues like feeling excluded or overlooked can also cause
stealing. People may steal to prove their independence, to act
out against family or friends, or because they do not respect
others or themselves
What Leads to Stealing?
 Sometimes, stealing is a compulsive disorder. This is called
kleptomania
 In other cases, a person may have come to believe that stealing
is socially acceptable
 Some people steal as a means to survive due to economic
hardship
 Others simply enjoy the rush of stealing, or steal to fill an
emotional or physical void in their lives.
 What Are the Effects of Stealing?
1. Stealing affects the people who steal, the people in their
lives, and the victims of theft.
2. People who steal often suffer from guilt, shame, or
embarrassment after stealing something. They might be
afraid to tell anyone out of fear of punishment. If caught,
they may be punished for their crime. Punishment depends
on the item stolen, whether the person has been caught
stealing before, and the wishes of the person who was stolen
from.
3. Victims of theft can be angry, feel disrespected, and be afraid
of future theft. Replacing the stolen item may be costly.
4. Victims of theft often feel less safe, are less trusting, and are
worried about repeat theft. These feelings can cause
paranoia or violent behavior.
Preventing Your Child From Stealing
 Parents play a primary role in preventing stealing. They must
teach their children about property rights and respect for
others, and they must model good behavior as positive role
models.
 If a child steals, he or she must first be taught that theft is
wrong. Understanding the child’s motivation will help
determine whether other actions are necessary.
 Sometimes a child will steal to get an adult’s attention or out of
anger or jealousy. In such cases, an adult should find out how
to work through such challenges.
 The child should not benefit in any way from stealing. Parents
should discuss how the child will pay for the item or return it to
the owner. That stealing is not acceptable behavior must be
made clear.
 Malpractices in Examinations

 Examination malpractice is any form of

deliberate cheating on examinations which
provides one or more candidates with an unfair
advantage or disadvantage.
 It is illegal and can be perpetrated by a single
individual or groups.
 It can occur outside or inside the classroom.
Generally  used Malpractices in Examination

1- Allotment of choice examination centers.

2-  Appointment of choice invigilating staff.
3-  Leaking information about question papers, identification of
invigilating staff and paper setters/examiners.
4-  Bribing/influencing/terrorizing examination staff, invigilators
and paper setters/examiners. Approaching  invigilating staff
Provide bribe and gifts.
5-  Possessing cheating material (written/printed/electronic
device etc) or copying from such material.
6-  Giving/receiving assistance to copy in examination centre.
7-  Changing/replacing roll numbers and answer books.
8-  Disclosing candidates’ identity in answer books.
9-  Misconduct, carrying offensive weapons, refusing/resisting the
lawful orders of supervisory staff, creating disturbance, instigating
other candidates, threatening or assaulting the invigilating staff,
impeding the progress of examination, in or outside the
examination.
10- Smuggling answer books in or outside the examination centre.
11-  Addition to answer books after examination.
12-  Manipulating marks through fictitious entries in award
list/examination register.
13- Sale of examination centre to organized gangs where
cheating/unfair means are arranged.
14- Helping the candidates to use unfair means in any form and by
any one in or outside the examination centre.
15-  Helping the candidates in viva voce, practical examination.
16-  Attempting or abetting the commission of any of the afore-said
acts.
17-  Any other act considered dishonest, unfair, corrupt etc
18-  Communicating in Codes- there are dozens of codes students
have devised: hand position, foot position or foot tapping, test
position, noises like clicking of pens, clothing positions, etc.
19-  Altering Records through – Hacking into the computer ,
Changing the grade book , Stealing the grade book , Stealing the
exams before grades are entered
20-  Leaving Class- Leaving the test room and getting help (most
often, under the pretence of a bathroom break).
21-  Misrepresentation/impersonation. Convincing  someone else to
take the test
VIT?
 Plagiarism
ACCORDING TO THE MERRIAM-WEBSTER ONLINE
DICTIONARY, TO "PLAGIARIZE" MEANS
 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another)
as one's own to use (another's production) without
crediting the source to commit literary theft to
present as new and original an idea or product
derived from an existing source
 CAN WORDS AND IDEAS REALLY BE STOLEN
 According to U.S. law, the answer is yes.
 The expression of original ideas is considered
intellectual property and is protected by copyright
laws, just like original inventions.
 Almost all forms of expression fall under copyright ?
protection as long as they are recorded in some way
(such as a book or a computer file).
 ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CONSIDERED
PLAGIARISM:
 Turning in someone else's work as your own
 Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
 Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
 Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source
without giving credit
 Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the
majority of your work, whether you give credit or not
 Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by citing
sources.
 Simply acknowledging that certain material has been borrowed
and providing your audience with the information necessary to
find that source is usually enough to prevent plagiarism.
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND MUSIC

 Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you

have produced without receiving proper permission or
providing appropriate citation is plagiarism.
 Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism.
? 
Common forms of student plagiarism
1. Submitting someone's work as their own.
2. Taking passages from their own previous work without
adding citations.
3. Re-writing someone's work without properly citing sources.
4. Using quotations, but not citing the source.
5. Interweaving various sources together in the work without
citing.
6. Citing some, but not all passages that should be cited.
7. Melding together cited and uncited sections of the piece.
8. Providing proper citations, but fails to change the structure
and wording of the borrowed ideas enough.
9. Inaccurately citing the source.
10. Relying too heavily on other people's work. Fails to bring
original thought into the text.
Sanctions for student plagiarism

 In the academic world, plagiarism by students is

usually considered a very serious offense that can
result in punishments such as a failing grade on
the particular assignment, the entire course, or
even being expelled from the institution.
 Generally, the punishment increases as a person
enters higher institutions of learning
 Methods of preventing plagiarism
"Planning your paper:
 Consult with your instructor
 plan your paper
 take effective notes
Writing your paper:
 when in doubt, cite sources.
 make it clear who said what
 know how to paraphrase
 analyze and evaluate your sources
Six Consequences of Plagiarism

 The consequences of plagiarism can be personal,

professional, ethical, and legal.
 With plagiarism detection software so readily available
and in use, plagiarists are being caught at an alarming
rate.
 Once accused of plagiarism, a person will most likely
always be regarded with suspicion. Ignorance is not an
excuse.
 Plagiarists include academics, professionals, students,
journalists, authors, and others.
Destroyed Student Reputation
 Plagiarism allegations can cause a student to be
suspended or expelled.
 Their academic record can reflect the ethics offense,
possibly causing the student to be barred from
entering college from high school or another college.
 Schools, colleges, and universities take plagiarism very
seriously.
 Most educational institutions have academic integrity
committees who police students.
 Many schools suspend students for their first violation.
Students are usually expelled for further offences.
Destroyed Professional Reputation
 A professional business person, politician, or public
figure may find that the damage from plagiarism
follows them for their entire career.
 Not only will they likely be fired or asked to step down
from their present position, but they will surely find it
difficult to obtain another respectable job.
 Depending on the offense and the plagiarist’s public
stature, his or her name may become ruined, making
any kind of meaningful career impossible.
Destroyed Academic Reputation
 The consequences of plagiarism have been widely
reported in the world of academia.
 Once scarred with plagiarism allegations, an academic’s
career can be ruined.
 Publishing is an integral part of a prestigious academic
career.
 To lose the ability to publish most likely means the end
of an academic position and a destroyed reputation.
Legal Repercussions
 The legal repercussions of plagiarism can be quite serious.
Copyright laws are absolute.
 One cannot use another person’s material without citation
and reference.
 An author has the right to sue a plagiarist. Some plagiarism
may also be deemed a criminal offense, possibly leading to a
prison sentence.
 Those who write for a living, such as journalists or authors, are
particularly susceptible to plagiarism issues.
 Those who write frequently must be ever-vigilant not to err.
Writers are well-aware of copyright laws and ways to avoid
plagiarism.
 As a professional writer, to plagiarize is a serious ethical and
perhaps legal issue.
Monetary Repercussions
 Many recent news reports and articles have exposed
plagiarism by journalists, authors, public figures, and
researchers.
 In the case where an author sues a plagiarist, the author may
be granted monetary restitution.
 In the case where a journalist works for a magazine,
newspaper or other publisher, or even if a student is found
plagiarizing in school, the offending plagiarist could have to
pay monetary penalties.
Plagiarized Research
 Plagiarized research is an especially egregious form of
plagiarism.
 If the research is medical in nature, the consequences of
plagiarism could mean the loss of peoples’ lives. This kind of
plagiarism is particularly heinous.
 The consequences of plagiarism are far-reaching and no one is
immune.
 Neither ignorance nor stature excuses a person from the
ethical and legal ramifications of committing plagiarism or
plagiarism detection software to check your writing for
plagiarism before turning it in..
• Laziness or dishonesty can lead to a ruined
reputation, the loss of a career, and legal problems
• Before attempting any writing project, learn about
plagiarism.
• Find out what constitutes plagiarism and how to
avoid it.
• The rules are easy to understand and follow.
• If there is any question about missing attribution,
try using an online plagiarism checker