INTRO TO ASYMMETRIC

OBJECTIVE
• To recognise the symptoms of a failed or failing
engine, maintain control & maximise performance.
PRINCIPLES

T T T

D D D
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D
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FACTORS AFFECTING YAW / CONTROLLABILITY

YAW CONTROL

Live power
Drag on dead engine
IAS
C.G. position FWD

BEST SITUATION
 PRINCIPLES
FACTORS AFFECTING YAW / CONTROLLABILITY

YAW CONTROL

Live power
Drag on dead engine
IAS
C.G. position AFT

WORST SITUATION
 PRINCIPLES
Vmca

• The minimum flight speed at which the aircraft is

directionally controllable.
• Vmca is determined assuming the following:

Critical engine fails 5° Bank towards live engine

Take off power set Sea level
Rear most C.G ISA conditions
Take-off flap M.A.U.W
Gear up Propeller windmilling

Vmca 65 Kts (Red line)

 PRINCIPLES
CRITICAL ENGINE
The engine which would result in the greater loss of control
 PRINCIPLES
CRITICAL ENGINE
 PRINCIPLES
FACTORS AFFECTING S.E. PERFORMANCE

• Power Available from live engine

• Drag Gear
Flap
Windmilling prop

• IAS Blue Line

WARNING: Level flight may not be possible for certain

combinations of weight, temperature and altitude.
 PRINCIPLES
MAXIMISING PERFORMANCE – 5 UPS

• Mixtures • Full rich

• Pitches • Full fine
• Power • Full power
• Drag • Minimise Gear up
BLUE LINE Flap up

IDENTIFY – DEAD LEG, DEAD ENGINE

VERIFY – CLOSE DEAD THROTTLE

FEATHER
Bank 5° towards live (raise the dead)
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HUMAN FACTORS/AIRMANSHIP

• Situational awareness
• LOOKOUT
• QRH / Flightmanual in emergencies
• Know procedures & S.E. airspeed Vyse 85Kts
• Keep current
 ENGINE HANDLING

• Instructor will fail and restore power

• Instructor handles dead engine, cowl flaps and
carb heats
• Monitor T’s & P’s
 AIR EXERCISE
RECOGNITION OF ENGINE FAILURE

Yaw towards the dead engine

Failure to maintain control Yaw, skid, roll, spiral descent, ????

MAINTAINING CONTROL

Rudder Oppose yaw – Stand on the ball

Wings Maintain level initially, raise the dead 5°

Airspeed Blue Line (85kts) minimum

NEVER MAINTAIN ALTITUDE AT THE

EXPENSE OF AIRSPEED BELOW BLUE LINE!!
 AIR EXERCISE
GRADUAL ENGINE FAILURE – MAINTAIN CONTROL
Straight & Level – Maintain control
Climbing – High power, Low airspeed Easier to recognise,
harder to control

Descent – Low power, High airspeed Harder to recognise,

easier to control

VMCA DEMONSTRATION

Full power
Gear up
Flaps up
 AIR EXERCISE
VMCA RECOVERY
Reduce power on the live engine
Lower the nose to gain airspeed
Regain control

ENGINE FAILURE WITH THE MIXTURE

Straight & Level

Level turn
Descending turn
Climbing turn maintaining blue line

MAINTAIN CONTROL
 AIR EXERCISE
FULL RECOVERY ACTIONS

Maintain control Rudder & Airspeed

Maximise performance Mixtures
Pitches
Power

Minimise Drag Gear up

Flap up

Identify (dead leg, dead engine)

Verify (slowly close throttle)
Feather (dead engine)
QUESTIONS ?