DOCKS

MODULE 6
INTRODUCTION
Wet docks are enclosed areas for berthing ships
To keep them float at a uniform level]to facilitate loading and unloading
NECESSITY
Discharging of cargos if ships requires number of days- vertical movement
causes inconveniences
A DOCK
CLASSIFICATION OF DOCKS
1. WET DOCKS –
Used for berthing of vessels for loading and unloading
Also known as harbour docks

2. DRY DOCKS-
Those used for repair of the vessels
A wet dock
A DRY DOCK
CLASSIFICATION OF WET DOCKS
1.Wet docks in tidal basins
Harbours are prone to be affected by tides- causes change in water level
At low tides level is sufficient to berth the ships
Thus in the port, an open sea coast protected by an outlying breakwater
Basins are formed within this shelter
In this shelter, Pillar walls are projected at right angles to the shore alongside
which vessels lie for loading and unloading of cargo
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
Vessels can come in or leave , berth at all times
Costly arrangements like dock gate for closing of entrance are not required
DISADVANTAGES
At high range of tides, loading –unloading becomes a serious issue
Variation in water level causes rubbing of sides of the ship
2.Wet docks in enclosed or impounded basin
Docks or wet docks are enclosed and are shut off by entrance
 to maintain fairly uniform water level
These docks are formed where tidal ranges are marked very high
Basins: partially enclosed areas of water, approached by open entrances
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
Uniform level of water is maintained, convenient for handling cargo
Prevents rubbing of sides od ships
Initiates constant attention and alteration of mooring
Effect of storm in the outer sea does not obstruct the dock enclosure
ADVANTAGES
Costly arrangements have to be provided for locks and lock gates required for the entry of ships
FORM AND ARRANGEMENT FOR
BASIN AND DOCKS
Exact arrangement depends upon the available site
Aim: to obtain maximum length for the quay in proportion to the water area in the dock or basin
1. APPROCHES TO BASIN AND DOCKS
Approaches must be sheltered
Should be of adequate length
In case of requirement of dredging, affects the budget
In some ports, approaching channels can ne navigated during high tides only
2.DEPTH OF DOCKS AND BASINS
Should be capable to accommodate the large ship visiting the port
Deepening of the basins are possible without disturbing the foundations
3.Shape of Dock and Basin
Should be of straight lines, curved lines are not suitable for ships
RECTANGULAR SHAPE
Length and breadth could be
adjusted to give maximum quay
DIAMOND SHAPE
Perpendicular distance b/w the long sides, the long sides could be conveniently extended

INCLINED PIER TYPE

Consist of number of projecting piers in the basin or dock
4. LOCATION
Can be located on island, estuaries or on open sea coast
5.INTERNAL ARRANGEMENT
Separate docks are usually required for different kinds of cargo
Eg: oil and food loading –unloading requires different arrangements
Flour and fish
6. OTHER ASPECTS
Availability of freshwater to replace the fouled water from the docks
Separate canals are to be drawn for this purpose
Approaches must be sheltered and sufficiently deep
Approaching channels must be frequently dredged